Browsing by Subject "Brain neoplasms"

Now showing 1 - 10 of 15
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    A 41-year-old woman with von Hippel-Lindau and a cerebellar lesion
    (Wiley, 2010-03) Martin, Sarah E.; Al-Khatib, Sohaib M.; Turner, Michael S.; Douglas-Akinwande, Annette C.; Hattab, Eyas M.; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine
    A 41-year-old woman with a 12-year history of von Hippel-Lindau disease presented with progressive quadriparesis and difficulty swallowing. MRI revealed a well-circumscribed, partially cystic cerebellar neoplasm, consistent with hemangioblastoma. The tumor was resected and the diagnosis of hemangioblastoma confirmed. Embedded within the hemangioblastoma was a small focus of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). RCC metastatic to a CNS hemangioblastoma is the second most common type of tumor-to-tumor metastasis, which may be due to a number of factors. Proper immunostaining panels are required to clearly identify these cases since both tumor may have similar histology.
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    A large open access dataset of brain metastasis 3D segmentations on MRI with clinical and imaging information
    (Springer Nature, 2024-02-29) Ramakrishnan, Divya; Jekel, Leon; Chadha, Saahil; Janas, Anastasia; Moy, Harrison; Maleki, Nazanin; Sala, Matthew; Kaur, Manpreet; Cassinelli Petersen, Gabriel; Merkaj, Sara; von Reppert, Marc; Baid, Ujjwal; Bakas, Spyridon; Kirsch, Claudia; Davis, Melissa; Bousabarah, Khaled; Holler, Wolfgang; Lin, MingDe; Westerhoff, Malte; Aneja, Sanjay; Memon, Fatima; Aboian, Mariam S.; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine
    Resection and whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) are standard treatments for brain metastases (BM) but are associated with cognitive side effects. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) uses a targeted approach with less side effects than WBRT. SRS requires precise identification and delineation of BM. While artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have been developed for this, their clinical adoption is limited due to poor model performance in the clinical setting. The limitations of algorithms are often due to the quality of datasets used for training the AI network. The purpose of this study was to create a large, heterogenous, annotated BM dataset for training and validation of AI models. We present a BM dataset of 200 patients with pretreatment T1, T1 post-contrast, T2, and FLAIR MR images. The dataset includes contrast-enhancing and necrotic 3D segmentations on T1 post-contrast and peritumoral edema 3D segmentations on FLAIR. Our dataset contains 975 contrast-enhancing lesions, many of which are sub centimeter, along with clinical and imaging information. We used a streamlined approach to database-building through a PACS-integrated segmentation workflow.
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    Artificial Intelligence for Response Assessment in Neuro Oncology (AI-RANO), part 1: review of current advancements
    (Elsevier, 2024) Villanueva-Meyer, Javier E.; Bakas, Spyridon; Tiwari, Pallavi; Lupo, Janine M.; Calabrese, Evan; Davatzikos, Christos; Bi, Wenya Linda; Ismail, Marwa; Akbari, Hamed; Lohmann, Philipp; Booth, Thomas C.; Wiestler, Benedikt; Aerts, Hugo J. W. L.; Rasool, Ghulam; Tonn, Joerg C.; Nowosielski, Martha; Jain, Rajan; Colen, Rivka R.; Pati, Sarthak; Baid, Ujjwal; Vollmuth, Philipp; Macdonald, David; Vogelbaum, Michael A.; Chang, Susan M.; Huang, Raymond Y.; Galldiks, Norbert; Response Assessment in Neuro Oncology (RANO) group; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine
    The development, application, and benchmarking of artificial intelligence (AI) tools to improve diagnosis, prognostication, and therapy in neuro-oncology are increasing at a rapid pace. This Policy Review provides an overview and critical assessment of the work to date in this field, focusing on diagnostic AI models of key genomic markers, predictive AI models of response before and after therapy, and differentiation of true disease progression from treatment-related changes, which is a considerable challenge based on current clinical care in neuro-oncology. Furthermore, promising future directions, including the use of AI for automated response assessment in neuro-oncology, are discussed.
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    Artificial Intelligence for Response Assessment in Neuro Oncology (AI-RANO), part 2: recommendations for standardisation, validation, and good clinical practice
    (Elsevier, 2024) Bakas, Spyridon; Vollmuth, Philipp; Galldiks, Norbert; Booth, Thomas C.; Aerts, Hugo J. W. L.; Bi, Wenya Linda; Wiestler, Benedikt; Tiwari, Pallavi; Pati, Sarthak; Baid, Ujjwal; Calabrese, Evan; Lohmann, Philipp; Nowosielski, Martha; Jain, Rajan; Colen, Rivka; Ismail, Marwa; Rasool, Ghulam; Lupo, Janine M.; Akbari, Hamed; Tonn, Joerg C.; Macdonald, David; Vogelbaum, Michael; Chang, Susan M.; Davatzikos, Christos; Villanueva-Meyer, Javier E.; Huang, Raymond Y.; Response Assessment in Neuro Oncology (RANO) group; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine
    Technological advancements have enabled the extended investigation, development, and application of computational approaches in various domains, including health care. A burgeoning number of diagnostic, predictive, prognostic, and monitoring biomarkers are continuously being explored to improve clinical decision making in neuro-oncology. These advancements describe the increasing incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, including the use of radiomics. However, the broad applicability and clinical translation of AI are restricted by concerns about generalisability, reproducibility, scalability, and validation. This Policy Review intends to serve as the leading resource of recommendations for the standardisation and good clinical practice of AI approaches in health care, particularly in neuro-oncology. To this end, we investigate the repeatability, reproducibility, and stability of AI in response assessment in neuro-oncology in studies on factors affecting such computational approaches, and in publicly available open-source data and computational software tools facilitating these goals. The pathway for standardisation and validation of these approaches is discussed with the view of trustworthy AI enabling the next generation of clinical trials. We conclude with an outlook on the future of AI-enabled neuro-oncology.
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    Cushing's ulcer: Further reflections
    (Wolters Kluwer, 2015-04) Kemp, William J.; Bashir, Asif; Dababneh, Haitham; Cohen-Gadol, Aaron A.; Department of Neurological Surgery, IU School of Medicine
    BACKGROUND: Brain tumors, traumatic head injury, and other intracranial processes including infections, can cause increased intracranial pressure and lead to overstimulation of the vagus nerve. As a result, increased secretion of gastric acid may occur which leads to gastro-duodenal ulcer formation known as Cushing's ulcer. METHODS: A review of original records of Dr. Harvey Cushing's patients suffering from gastro-duodenal ulcers was performed followed by a discussion of the available literature. We also reviewed the clinical records of the patients never reported by Cushing to gain his perspective in describing this phenomenon. Dr. Cushing was intrigued to investigate gastro-duodenal ulcers as he lost patients to acute gastrointestinal perforations following successful brain tumor operations. It is indeed ironic that Harvey Cushing developed a gastro-duodenal ulcer in his later years with failing health. RESULTS: Clinically shown by Cushing's Yale Registry, a tumor or lesion can disrupt this circuitry, leading to gastroduodenal ulceration. Cushing said that it was "reasonable to believe that the perforations following posterior fossa cerebellar operations were produced in like fashion by an irritative disturbance either of fiber tracts or vagal centers in the brain stem." CONCLUSION: Harvey Cushing's pioneering work depicted in his Yale registry serves as a milestone for continuing research that can further discern this pathway.
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    Efficacy of postoperative seizure prophylaxis in intra-axial brain tumor resections
    (Springer, 2014) Ansari, Shaheryar F.; Bohnstedt, Bradley N.; Perkins, Susan M.; Althouse, Sandra K.; Miller, James C.; Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine
    The effectiveness of seizure prophylaxis in controlling postoperative seizures following craniotomy for tumor resection is unclear. Most patients are seizure-free before surgery. To prevent seizures, it is common to treat tumor craniotomy patients postoperatively with an antiepileptic drug (AED). The authors retrospectively analyzed seizure occurrence with and without postoperative prophylactic AEDs. Between 2005 and 2011 at the authors' institution, 588 patients underwent craniotomy for brain tumors and were screened. Data on seizures, AED use, histopathology, comorbidities, complications, and follow-up were collected. Exclusion criteria included lack of follow-up data, previous operation, preoperative seizures, or preoperative AED prophylaxis. The incidence of postoperative seizures in patients with and without prophylactic AEDs was compared using logistic regression analysis. A total of 202 patients (50.5% female) were included. The most common tumor diagnosis was metastasis (42.6%). Of the 202 patients, 66.3% were prescribed prophylactic AED after surgery. Forty-six of 202 (22.8%) suffered a postoperative seizure. The odds of seizure for patients on prophylactic AED was 1.62 times higher than those not on AED (p = 0.2867). No difference was found in seizure occurrence between patients with glioblastoma multiforme compared with other tumor types (odds ratio 1.75, p = 0.1468). No difference was found in time-to-seizure between the two groups (hazard ratio 1.38, p = 0.3776). These data show no statistically significant benefit to prophylactic postoperative AED and a nonsignificant trend for increased seizure risk with AEDs. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial is needed to clarify the benefit of postoperative AED use for brain tumor resection.
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    Food Is Love: Partnering With Families to Provide Nourishment at the End of Life
    (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2020-06-01) Kaye, Erica C.; Kegel, Anna; Weber, Madeline; Cartwright, Carla; Spraker-Perlman, Holly; Robinson, Giles W.; Baker, Justin N.; Surgery, School of Medicine
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    Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy
    (American Society of Neuroradiology, 1995) George, Joseph C.; Edwards, Mary K.; Jakacki, Regina I.; Kho-Duffin, Jennie; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine
    We present a case of malignant melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy arising in the skull and secondarily invading brain. The central tumor was hyperintense to brain on T1-weighted images and hypointense to brain on T2-weighted images. This appearance corresponded to the surgical and histologic findings of melanin-containing tumor.
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    Modern approaches to the management of brain metastases: embracing a multi-modal paradigm
    (AME, 2022) Vellayappan, Balamurugan; Knisely, Jonathan P. S.; Lo, Simon S.; Shiue, Kevin; Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine
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    PHF20 regulates NF-κB signalling by disrupting recruitment of PP2A to p65
    (Springer Nature, 2013) Zhang, Tiejun; Park, Kyeong Ah; Li, Yuwen; Byun, Hee Sun; Jeon, Juhee; Lee, Yoonjung; Hong, Jang Hee; Kim, Jin Man; Huang, Song-Mei; Choi, Seung-Won; Kim, Sun-Hwan; Sohn, Kyung-Cheol; Ro, Hyunju; Lee, Ji Hoon; Lu, Tao; Stark, George R.; Shen, Han-Ming; Liu, Zheng-gang; Park, Jongsun; Hur, Gang Min; Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine
    Constitutive NF-κB activation in cancer cells is caused by defects in the signalling network responsible for terminating the NF-κB response. Here we report that plant homeodomain finger protein 20 (PHF20) maintains NF-κB in an active state in the nucleus by inhibiting the interaction between PP2A and p65. We show that PHF20 induces canonical NF-κB signalling by increasing the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB subunit p65. In PHF20 overexpressing cells, the termination of tumour necrosis factor-induced p65 phosphorylation is impaired whereas upstream signalling events triggered by tumour necrosis factor are unaffected. This effect strictly depends on the interaction between PHF20 and methylated lysine residues of p65, which hinders recruitment of PP2A to p65, thereby maintaining p65 in a phosphorylated state. We further show that PHF20 levels correlate with p65 phosphorylation levels in human glioma specimens. Our work identifies PHF20 as a novel regulator of NF-κB activation and suggests that elevated expression of PHF20 may drive constitutive NF-κB activation in some cancers.