Browsing by Subject "Body weight"

Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Acute Changes in Sleep Duration on Eating Behaviors and Appetite-Regulating Hormones in Overweight/Obese Adults
    (Taylor & Francis, 2015) Hart, Chantelle N.; Carskadon, Mary A.; Demos, Kathryn E.; Van Reen, Eliza; Sharkey, Katherine M.; Raynor, Hollie A.; Considine, Robert V.; Jones, Richard N.; Wing, Rena R.; Department of Medicine, IU School of Medicine
    There is considerable interest in the role of sleep in weight regulation, yet few studies have examined this relationship in overweight/obese (OW/OB) adults. Using a within-subject, counterbalanced design, 12 OW/OB women were studied in lab with two nights of short (5 hr time in bed [TIB]) and two nights of long (9 hr TIB) sleep. Hunger, consumption at a buffet, and fasting hormone levels were obtained. Significant polysomnographic differences occurred between conditions in total sleep time and sleep architecture (ps < .001). Percent energy from protein at the buffet increased following short sleep. No differences were observed for total energy intake or measured hormones. Further research is needed to determine how lengthening sleep impacts weight regulation in OW/OB adults.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Almond Consumption Decreases Android Fat Mass Percentage in Adults With High Android Subcutaneous Adiposity but Does Not Change HbA1c
    (Elsevier, 2021) Hunter, Stephanie; Considine, Robert; Mattes, Richard; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine if the mixed evidence of almond consumption on HbA1c stems from testing people with different body fat distributions (BFD) associated with different risks of glucose intolerance. Methods: A 6-month RCT in 134 adults was conducted. Participants were randomly assigned to the almond or control treatment based on their BFD. Those in the almond group consumed 0.75 oz of almonds with their breakfast and as their afternoon snack (1.5 oz almonds/day) every day, and were instructed not to consume any other nuts. Those in the control treatment continued their habitual breakfast and afternoon snack routines, but were instructed not to consume any nuts. At 0 and 6 months, body composition was measured and blood samples were collected for analyses of HbA1c, glycemia and lipemia. Appetite and dietary intake data were recorded at 0, 2, 4, and 6 months and a blood sample was obtained for compliance testing. Body weight was measured every two weeks. An intention-to-treat linear mixed model analysis was performed with Bonferroni pairwise comparisons on diet quality, energy intake, HbA1c, and body composition change values. Results: Incorporating almonds into the diet increased total diet quality by 8.3 ± 2.1% over the intervention (P = 0.001). Participants consuming almonds ingested 195 ± 87 kcals/day more than participants in the control group (P = 0.027), but this did not result in differences in body weight (P > 0.3). The almond, high android subcutaneous adiposity (SAT) group had a greater reduction in android fat mass % (P = 0.038), preserved android lean mass % (P = 0.042), and tended to decrease android VAT mass (P = 0.079) compared to those in the control, high SAT group. There were no differences of HbA1c between groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Incorporating 1.5-oz of almonds into the diet improves diet quality without promoting positive energy balance and weight gain. Long-term consumption of almonds may also improve android composition in those with high android SAT. However, testing people with different BFD does not account for the mixed evidence on almond consumption and HbA1c.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Almond consumption decreases android fat mass percentage in adults with high android subcutaneous adiposity but does not change HbA1c in a randomised controlled trial
    (Cambridge University Press, 2022) Hunter, Stephanie R.; Considine, Robert V.; Mattes, Richard D.; Medicine, School of Medicine
    The purpose of this study was to determine if the mixed evidence of almond consumption on HbA1c stems from testing people with different body fat distributions (BFD) associated with different risks of glucose intolerance. A 6-month randomised controlled trial in 134 adults was conducted. Participants were randomly assigned to the almond (A) or control (C) group based on their BFD. Those in the almond group consumed 1·5 oz of almonds with their breakfast and as their afternoon snack daily. Those in the control group continued their habitual breakfast and afternoon snack routines. Body weight and composition were measured and blood samples were collected for determination of HbA1c, glycaemia and lipaemia at 0 and 6 months. Appetite ratings, energy intake and diet quality were collected at 0, 2, 4 and 6 months. Participants consuming almonds ingested 816 (sem 364) kJ/d more than participants in the control group (P = 0·03), but this did not result in any differences in body weight (A: –0·3 (sem 0·4), C: –0·4 (sem 0·4); P > 0·3). Participants in the almond, high android subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) group had a greater reduction in android fat mass percentage (A: –1·0 (sem 0·6), C: 1·1 (sem 0·6); P = 0·04), preserved android lean mass percentage (A: 0·9 (sem 0·6), C: –1 (sem 0·6); P = 0·04) and tended to decrease android visceral adipose tissue mass (A: –13 (sem 53) g, C: 127 (sem 53) g; P = 0·08) compared with those in the control, high SAT group. There were no differences in HbA1c between groups (A: 5·4 (sem 0·04), C: 5·5 (sem 0·04); P > 0·05). Thus, BFD may not explain the mixed evidence on almond consumption and HbA1c. Long-term almond consumption has limited ability to improve cardiometabolic health in those who are overweight and obese but otherwise healthy.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Bivariate genome-wide association meta-analysis of pediatric musculoskeletal traits reveals pleiotropic effects at the SREBF1/TOM1L2 locus
    (Nature Publishing Group, 2017-07-25) Medina-Gomez, Carolina; Kemp, John P.; Dimou, Niki L.; Kreiner, Eskil; Chesi, Alessandra; Zemel, Babette S.; Bønnelykke, Klaus; Boer, Cindy G.; Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S.; Bisgaard, Hans; Evangelou, Evangelos; Heppe, Denise H.M.; Bonewald, Lynda F.; Gorski, Jeffrey P.; Ghanbari, Mohsen; Demissie, Serkalem; Duque, Gustavo; Maurano, Matthew T.; Kiel, Douglas P.; Hsu, Yi-Hsiang; Eerden, Bram C.J. van der; Ackert-Bicknell, Cheryl; Reppe, Sjur; Gautvik, Kaare M.; Raastad, Truls; Karasik, David; Peppel, Jeroen van de; Jaddoe, Vincent W.V.; Uitterlinden, André G.; Tobias, Jonathan H.; Grant, Struan F.A.; Bagos, Pantelis G.; Evans, David M.; Rivadeneira, Fernando; Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine
    Bone mineral density is known to be a heritable, polygenic trait whereas genetic variants contributing to lean mass variation remain largely unknown. We estimated the shared SNP heritability and performed a bivariate GWAS meta-analysis of total-body lean mass (TB-LM) and total-body less head bone mineral density (TBLH-BMD) regions in 10,414 children. The estimated SNP heritability is 43% (95% CI: 34-52%) for TBLH-BMD, and 39% (95% CI: 30-48%) for TB-LM, with a shared genetic component of 43% (95% CI: 29-56%). We identify variants with pleiotropic effects in eight loci, including seven established bone mineral density loci: WNT4, GALNT3, MEPE, CPED1/WNT16, TNFSF11, RIN3, and PPP6R3/LRP5. Variants in the TOM1L2/SREBF1 locus exert opposing effects TB-LM and TBLH-BMD, and have a stronger association with the former trait. We show that SREBF1 is expressed in murine and human osteoblasts, as well as in human muscle tissue. This is the first bivariate GWAS meta-analysis to demonstrate genetic factors with pleiotropic effects on bone mineral density and lean mass.Bone mineral density and lean skeletal mass are heritable traits. Here, Medina-Gomez and colleagues perform bivariate GWAS analyses of total body lean mass and bone mass density in children, and show genetic loci with pleiotropic effects on both traits.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Body weight influences musculoskeletal adaptation to long-term voluntary wheel running during aging in female mice
    (Impact Journals, 2022) Kitase, Yukiko; Vallejo, Julian A.; Dallas, Sarah L.; Xie, Yixia; Dallas, Mark; Tiede-Lewis, LeAnn; Moore, David; Meljanac, Anthony; Kumar, Corrine; Zhao, Carrie; Rosser, Jennifer; Brotto, Marco; Johnson, Mark L.; Liu, Ziyue; Wacker, Michael J.; Bonewald, Lynda; Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine
    Frailty is the hallmark of aging that can be delayed with exercise. The present studies were initiated based on the hypothesis that long-term voluntary wheel running (VWR) in female mice from 12 to 18 or 22 months of age would have beneficial effects on the musculoskeletal system. Mice were separated into high (HBW) and low (LBW) body weight based on final body weights upon termination of experiments. Bone marrow fat was significantly higher in HBW than LBW under sedentary conditions, but not with VWR. HBW was more protective for soleus size and function than LBW under sedentary conditions, however VWR increased soleus size and function regardless of body weight. VWR plus HBW was more protective against muscle loss with aging. Similar effects of VWR plus HBW were observed with the extensor digitorum longus, EDL, however, LBW with VWR was beneficial in improving EDL fatigue resistance in 18 mo mice and was more beneficial with regards to muscle production of bone protective factors. VWR plus HBW maintained bone in aged animals. In summary, HBW had a more beneficial effect on muscle and bone with aging especially in combination with exercise. These effects were independent of bone marrow fat, suggesting that intrinsic musculoskeletal adaptions were responsible for these beneficial effects.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Dietary intake and eating behavior in depot medroxyprogesterone acetate users: a systematic review
    (SciELO, 2018) Silva, P.; Qadir, S.; Fernandes, A.; Bahamondes, L.; Peipert, J.F.; Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine
    Because of weight gain, women often discontinue hormonal contraception, especially depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA). Our objective was to conduct a systematic review of studies describing dietary intake or eating behavior in DMPA users to understand whether the use of DMPA is associated with changes in dietary habits and behaviors leading to weight gain. We searched the PubMed, POPLINE, CENTRAL Cochrane, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases for reports published in English between 1980 and 2017 examining dietary intake or eating behavior in healthy women in reproductive age and adolescents using DMPA (150 mg/mL). Of the 749 publications screened, we excluded 742 due to duplicates (96), not addressing the key research question (638), not reporting dietary intake data (4), and not evaluating the relationship of body weight and dietary or eating behaviors (4). We identified seven relevant studies, including one randomized placebo-controlled trial, one non-randomized paired clinical trial, and five cohort studies. The randomized trial found no association and the other reports were inconsistent. Findings varied from no change in dietary intake or eating behavior with DMPA use to increased appetite in the first six months of DMPA use. Few studies report dietary intake and eating behavior in DMPA users and the available data are insufficient to conclude whether DMPA use is associated with changes in dietary habits or behavior leading to weight gain.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Impact of African ancestry on the relationship between body mass index and survival in an early-stage breast cancer trial (ECOG-ACRIN E5103)
    (Wiley, 2022) Ballinger, Tarah J.; Jiang, Guanglong; Shen, Fei; Miller, Kathy D.; Sledge, George W., Jr.; Schneider, Bryan P.; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Background: African ancestry (AA) and obesity are associated with worse survival in early-stage breast cancer. Obesity disproportionately affects women of AA; however, the intersection between ancestry and obesity on breast cancer outcomes remains unclear. Methods: A total of 2854 patients in the adjuvant trial E5103 were analyzed. Genetic ancestry was determined using principal components from a genome-wide array. The impact of continuous or binary body mass index (BMI) on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) was evaluated by multivariable Cox proportional hazards models in AA patients and European ancestry (EA) patients. Results: There were 2471 EA patients and 383 AA patients. Higher BMI was significantly associated with worse DFS and OS only in AA patients (DFS hazard ratio [HR], 1.25; 95% CI, 1.07-1.46; OS HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.10-1.73), not in EA patients (DFS HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.90-1.05; OS HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.93-1.14). Severe obesity (BMI ≥40) was significantly associated with worse survival in AA patients (DFS HR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.21-3.43; OS HR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.03-4.75) but had no impact on that of EA patients. In the estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) and triple-negative breast cancer subgroups, BMI was significantly associated with worse outcomes only in those AA patients with ER+ disease. Within the AA group, BMI remained associated with worse survival regardless of the AA proportion. Conclusions: Higher BMI was statistically significantly associated with worse breast cancer outcomes in AA but not EA patients. This association was most significant for severe obesity and those with ER+ disease. These observations help define optimal populations for weight change interventions designed to affect disparities and survival in early-stage breast cancer. Lay summary: African ancestry and obesity are both risk factors for worse survival after early-stage breast cancer. Women of African descent are also disproportionately affected by obesity; however, it is unclear what impact body weight has on racial disparities in breast cancer. Data from a large phase 3 clinical trial in high-risk, early-stage breast cancer were used to determine how body weight affects survival outcomes in European versus African Americans. Study results demonstrate that a higher body mass index is associated with increased risk of breast cancer recurrence and worse survival in women of African ancestry but not in women of European ancestry.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Is Bariatric Surgery an Effective Treatment for Type II Diabetic Kidney Disease?
    (American Society of Nephrology, 2016-03-07) Friedman, Allon N.; Wolfe, Bruce; Department of Medicine, IU School of Medicine
    Type II diabetic kidney disease is devastating to patients and society alike. This review will evaluate bariatric surgery as a treatment for diabetic kidney disease primarily through its ability to induce and maintain regression of type II diabetes. The review begins by outlining the global challenge of diabetic kidney disease, its link to obesity, and the comparative benefits of bariatric surgery on weight and type II diabetes. It then surveys comprehensively the relevant literature, which reports that although bariatric surgery is associated with reductions in albuminuria, its effect on harder clinical end points like progression of diabetic kidney disease is not known. The review also includes a critical assessment of the risks and costs of bariatric surgery and concludes by acknowledging the major knowledge gaps in the field and providing research strategies to overcome them. Until these knowledge gaps are filled, clinicians will be forced to rely on their own subjective judgment in determining the benefit-risk ratio of bariatric surgery for patients with diabetic kidney disease.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Nutrition assessment and MASH severity in children using the Healthy Eating Index
    (Wolters Kluwer, 2023-12-07) Jain, Ajay Kumar; Buchannan, Paula; Yates, Katherine P.; Belt, Patricia; Schwimmer, Jeffrey B.; Rosenthal, Philip; Murray, Karen F.; Molleston, Jean P.; Scheimann, Ann; Xanthakos, Stavra A.; Behling, Cynthia A.; Hertel, Paula; Nilson, Jamie; Neuschwander-Tetri, Brent A.; Tonascia, James; Vos, Miriam B.; Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network (NASH CRN); Pediatrics, School of Medicine
    Background: Pediatric metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a global health problem, with lifestyle modification as its major therapeutic strategy. Rigorous characterization of dietary content on MAFLD in children is lacking. We hypothesized an objectively measured healthier diet would positively modulate MAFLD. Methods: Diet was assessed using the Nutrition Data System for Research in children enrolled from 10 tertiary clinical centers to determine the Healthy Eating Index (HEI, 0-100) and individual food components. Results: In all, 119 children were included (13.3 ± 2.7 y), 80 (67%) male, 67 (18%) White, and 90 (76%) Hispanic, with an average body mass index Z-score of 2.2 ± 0.5. Diet was classified as low HEI < 47.94 (n = 39), mid HEI ≥ 47.94 and < 58.89 (n = 41), or high HEI ≥ 58.89 (n=39). Children with high HEI (healthier diet) had lower body weight (p = 0.005) and more favorable lipids. Mean serum triglycerides for low, mid, and high HEI were 163, 148, and 120 mg/dL, respectively; p = 0.04 mid versus high, p = 0.01 low versus high. Mean HDL was 38, 41 and 43 mg/dL; p = 0.02 low vs high. Less severe steatosis was noted with added sugar ≤ 10% of calories (p = 0.03). Higher lobular inflammation is associated with a higher percentage of calories from fat (OR (95% CI) = 0.95 (0.91-1.00), p = 0.04). Conclusions: In children with MAFLD, high HEI is associated with lower body weight and more favorable lipids, while added sugar and fat intake has individual histologic features. Differential consumption of major dietary components may modify both metabolic risk factors and histologic liver injury, highlighting the importance of objective diet assessments in children with MAFLD.