Browsing by Subject "Behavioral symptoms"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    Behavioral Symptoms in Community-dwelling Elderly Nigerians with Dementia, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Normal Cognition
    (Wiley, 2012) Baiyewu, O.; Unverzagt, F. W.; Ogunniyi, A.; Smith-Gamble, V.; Gureje, O.; Lane, K. A.; Gao, S.; Hall, K. S.; Hendrie, H. C.; Psychiatry, School of Medicine
    Background: Few studies have examined the neuropsychiatric status of patients with dementia and cognitive impairment in the developing world despite the fact that current demographic trends suggest an urgent need for such studies. Objective: To assess the level of neuropsychiatric symptoms in community-dwelling individuals with dementia, cognitive impairment no dementia and normal cognition. Methods: Subjects were from the Ibadan site of Indianapolis-Ibadan Dementia Project with stable diagnoses of normal cognition, cognitive impairment, no dementia/mild cognitive impairment (CIND/MCI), and dementia. Informants of subjects made ratings on the neuropsychiatric inventory and blessed dementia scale; subjects were tested with the mini mental state examination. Results: One hundred and eight subjects were included in the analytic sample, 21 were cognitively normal, 34 were demented, and 53 were CIND/MCI. The diagnostic groups did not differ in age, per cent female, or per cent with any formal education. The most frequent symptoms among subjects with CIND/MCI were depression (45.3%), apathy (37.7%), night time behavior (28.3%), appetite change (24.5%), irritability (22.6%), delusions (22.6%), anxiety (18.9%), and agitation (17.0%). Depression was significantly more frequent among the CIND/MCI and dementia (44.1%) groups compared with the normal cognition group (9.5%). Distress scores were highest for the dementia group, lowest for the normal cognition group, and intermediate for the CIND/MCI group. Conclusion: Significant neuropsychiatric symptomatology and distress are present among cognitively impaired persons in this community-based study of older adults in this sub-Saharan African country. Programs to assist family members of cognitively impaired and demented persons should be created or adapted for use in developing countries.
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    Psychotropic medication usage in sporadic versus genetic behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia
    (Wiley, 2025) Vargas-Gonzalez, Juan-Camilo; Dimal, Nico; Cortez, Kasey; Heuer, Hilary; Forsberg, Leah K.; Appleby, Brian S.; Barmada, Sami; Bozoki, Andrea; Clark, David; Cobigo, Yann; Darby, R. Ryan; Dickerson, Bradford C.; Domoto-Reilly, Kimiko; Galasko, Douglas R.; Geschwind, Daniel H.; Ghoshal, Nupur; Graff-Radford, Neill R.; Grant, Ian M.; Irwin, David; Hsiung, Ging-Yuek Robin; Honig, Lawrence S.; Kantarci, Kejal; Léger, Gabriel C.; Litvan, Irene; Mackenzie, Ian R.; Masdeu, Joseph C.; Mendez, Mario F.; Onyike, Chiadi U.; Pascual, Belen; Pressman, Peter; Ramos, Eliana Marisa; Roberson, Erik D.; Rogalski, Emily; Boeve, Brad F.; Boxer, Adam L.; Rosen, Howie J.; Tartaglia, Maria Carmela; ALLFTD Consortium Investigators; Neurology, School of Medicine
    Introduction: Psychotropic medication (PM) use in behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is higher than in other dementias. However, no information exists on whether PM use differs between sporadic and genetic bvFTD. Methods: We analyzed data from sporadic and genetic bvFTD participants with PM prescriptions in the Advancing Research and Treatment in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration/Longitudinal Evaluation of Familial Frontotemporal Dementia Subjects study. We estimated ordinal odds ratio (OOR) of having more PM comparing sporadic and genetic bvFTD. Finally, we explored the neuropsychiatric symptom (NPS) combinations using classification and regression trees (CART). Results: We included 263 with sporadic and 193 with genetic bvFTD. The OOR for sporadic bvFTD to be on PM was 1.75 (95% confidence interval: 1.21 to 2.53) for the fully adjusted model. CART revealed the most common NPS combination was apathy + personality changes in 18% of participants. Discussion: Participants with sporadic bvFTD were twice as likely to be on PM compared to genetic bvFTD. The reason for increased PM usage in sporadic bvFTD participants should be further investigated. Highlights: We report on patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). We evaluated the psychotropic medication (PM) prescription at baseline in the cohort. Patients with sporadic bvFTD had more prescriptions for PM than genetic patients. The frequency of symptoms combination was different in sporadic and genetic bvFTD.
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    Retinoic acid deficiency impairs the vestibular function
    (Society for Neuroscience, 2013-03-27) Romand, Raymond; Krezel, Wojciech; Beraneck, Mathieu; Cammas, Laura; Fraulob, Valérie; Messaddeq, Nadia; Kessler, Pascal; Hashino, Eri; Dollé, Pascal; Otolaryngology -- Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine
    The retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 3 (Raldh3) gene encodes a major retinoic acid synthesizing enzyme and is highly expressed in the inner ear during embryogenesis. We found that mice deficient in Raldh3 bear severe impairment in vestibular functions. These mutant mice exhibited spontaneous circling/tilted behaviors and performed poorly in several vestibular-motor function tests. In addition, video-oculography revealed a complete loss of the maculo-ocular reflex and a significant reduction in the horizontal angular vestibulo-ocular reflex, indicating that detection of both linear acceleration and angular rotation were compromised in the mutants. Consistent with these behavioral and functional deficiencies, morphological anomalies, characterized by a smaller vestibular organ with thinner semicircular canals and a significant reduction in the number of otoconia in the saccule and the utricle, were consistently observed in the Raldh3 mutants. The loss of otoconia in the mutants may be attributed, at least in part, to significantly reduced expression of Otop1, which encodes a protein known to be involved in calcium regulation in the otolithic organs. Our data thus reveal a previously unrecognized role of Raldh3 in structural and functional development of the vestibular end organs.