Browsing by Subject "Autoimmune disorders"

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    Assessment of Deep Learning Methods for Differentiating Autoimmune Disorders in Ultrasound Images
    (Medical University Publishing House Craiova, 2021) Vasile, Corina Maria; Udriştoiu, Anca Loredana; Ghenea, Alice Elena; Padureanu, Vlad; Udriştoiu, Ştefan; Gruionu, Lucian Gheorghe; Gruionu, Gabriel; Iacob, Andreea Valentina; Popescu, Mihaela; Medicine, School of Medicine
    At present, deep learning becomes an important tool in medical image analysis, with good performance in diagnosing, pattern detection, and segmentation. Ultrasound imaging offers an easy and rapid method to detect and diagnose thyroid disorders. With the help of a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system based on deep learning, we have the possibility of real-time and non-invasive diagnosing of thyroidal US images. This paper proposed a study based on deep learning with transfer learning for differentiating the thyroidal ultrasound images using image pixels and diagnosis labels as inputs. We trained, assessed, and compared two pre-trained models (VGG-19 and Inception v3) using a dataset of ultrasound images consisting of 2 types of thyroid ultrasound images: autoimmune and normal. The training dataset consisted of 615 thyroid ultrasound images, from which 415 images were diagnosed as autoimmune, and 200 images as normal. The models were assessed using a dataset of 120 images, from which 80 images were diagnosed as autoimmune, and 40 images diagnosed as normal. The two deep learning models obtained very good results, as follows: the pre-trained VGG-19 model obtained 98.60% for the overall test accuracy with an overall specificity of 98.94% and overall sensitivity of 97.97%, while the Inception v3 model obtained 96.4% for the overall test accuracy with an overall specificity of 95.58% and overall sensitivity of 95.58.
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    Inhibition of SHP2 ameliorates the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus
    (American Society for Clinical Investigation, 2016-06-01) Wang, Jianxun; Mizui, Masayuki; Zeng, Li-Fan; Bronson, Roderick; Finnell, Michele; Terhorst, Cox; Kyttaris, Vasileios C.; Tsokos, George C.; Zhang, Zhong-Yin; Kontaridis, Maria I.; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IU School of Medicine
    Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a devastating multisystemic autoimmune disorder. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis remain elusive. Some patients with Noonan syndrome, a congenital disorder predominantly caused by gain-of-function mutations in the protein tyrosine phosphatase SH2 domain–containing PTP (SHP2), have been shown to develop SLE, suggesting a functional correlation between phosphatase activity and systemic autoimmunity. To test this directly, we measured SHP2 activity in spleen lysates isolated from lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice and found it was markedly increased compared with that in control mice. Similar increases in SHP2 activity were seen in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from lupus patients relative to healthy patients. To determine whether SHP2 alters autoimmunity and related immunopathology, we treated MRL/lpr mice with an SHP2 inhibitor and found increased life span, suppressed crescentic glomerulonephritis, reduced spleen size, and diminished skin lesions. SHP2 inhibition also reduced numbers of double-negative T cells, normalized ERK/MAPK signaling, and decreased production of IFN-γ and IL-17A/F, 2 cytokines involved in SLE-associated organ damage. Moreover, in cultured human lupus T cells, SHP2 inhibition reduced proliferation and decreased production of IFN-γ and IL-17A/F, further implicating SHP2 in lupus-associated immunopathology. Taken together, these data identify SHP2 as a critical regulator of SLE pathogenesis and suggest targeting of its activity as a potent treatment for lupus patients.