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Browsing by Author "Um, Miji"
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Item A meta-analytic review of the effectiveness of mood inductions in eliciting emotion-based behavioral risk-taking and craving in the laboratory(American Psychological Association, 2023) Um, Miji; Revilla, Rebecca; Cyders, Melissa A.; Psychology, School of ScienceUrgency research supports the role of emotions in risk-taking and craving. However, much of this work is based in self-report. It is not yet known whether existing experimental methods can effectively induce emotion-based risk-taking and craving. The present meta-analysis quantified the effectiveness of mood inductions in inducing risk-taking and craving in the laboratory. We also examined potential moderators, including participant factors, changes in emotional arousal, and study design factors. For negative mood inductions, the degree of changes in risk-taking (k = 35, Hedge’s g (SE) = 0.12 (0.04), 95% CI [0.04 – 0.21]) and craving (k = 37, Hedge’s g (SE) = 0.30 (0.06), 95% CI [0.19 – 0.40]) were small. Increases in emotional arousal were significantly related to increases in craving (B* = 0.26). For positive mood inductions, there was no significant change in risk-taking (k = 18, Hedge’s g (SE) = 0.17 (0.11), 95% CI [−0.04 – 0.38]) nor craving (k = 8, Hedge’s g (SE) = −0.10 (0.10), 95% CI [−0.31 – 0.10]); however, false positive feedback produced the largest increase in risk-taking. Study samples using guided imagery produced a moderate decrease in risk-taking. Overall, existing negative mood inductions increased risk-taking and craving in the laboratory to a small degree. Existing positive mood inductions failed to elicit risk-taking or craving, although the literature in this domain was sparser. We suggest that there is a great need to develop and optimize mood induction methods to better study emotion-based risk-taking and craving in the laboratory.Item Age and Impulsive Behavior in Drug Addiction: A Review of Past Research and Future(Elsevier, 2018-01) Argyriou, Evangelia; Um, Miji; Carron, Claire; Cyders, Melissa A.; Department of Psychology, School of ScienceImpulsive behavior is implicated in the initiation, maintenance, and relapse of drug-seeking behaviors involved in drug addiction. Research shows that changes in impulsive behavior across the lifespan contribute to drug use and addiction. The goal of this review is to examine existing research on the relationship between impulsive behavior and drug use across the lifespan and to recommend directions for future research. Three domains of impulsive behavior are explored in this review: impulsive behavior-related personality traits, delay discounting, and prepotent response inhibition. First, we present previous research on these three domains of impulsive behavior and drug use across developmental stages. Then, we discuss how changes in impulsive behavior across the lifespan are implicated in the progression of drug use and addiction. Finally, we discuss the relatively limited attention given to middle-to-older adults in the current literature, consider the validity of the measures used to assess impulsive behavior in middle-to-older adulthood, and suggest recommendations for future research.Item Conduct disorder symptoms and illicit drug use in juvenile justice involved youth: The reciprocal relationship between positive illicit drug use attitudes and illicit drug use(Taylor & Francis, 2018-07-03) Kolp, Haley M.; Hershberger, Alexandra R.; Sanders, Jasmyn; Um, Miji; Aalsma, Matthew; Cyders, Melissa A.; Psychology, School of ScienceConduct disorder (CD) symptoms cooccur at high rates with illicit drug use in juvenile justice involved youth, which results in poorer outcomes; however, research has not identified where best to intervene in this relationship, limiting the identification of modifiable risk factors to reduce negative effects of CD symptoms. Two mediation models were examined to investigate the potential for CD symptoms to influence a reciprocal relationship between illicit drug use and positive drug attitudes, controlling for age, gender, and race. Data were examined for 245 juvenile justice involved youth (mean age = 15.46, SD = 1.30, range 12-18, 64.9% Black, 80.4% male) who completed court-ordered psychological assessments. Findings indicate: (1) Positive attitudes toward illicit drug use significantly mediated the relationship between CD symptoms and illicit drug use (β = 0.16, CI 0.09-0.27; test for indirect effect z = 4.17, p < .001) and (2) illicit drug use significantly mediated the relationship between CD symptoms and positive attitudes toward illicit drug use (β = 0.20, CI 0.12-0.32; test for indirect effect z = 4.87, p < .001). Overall, the present study suggests that CD symptoms impart risk for illicit drug use both indirectly, through more positive attitudes toward illicit drug use, and directly, which further strengthens positive attitudes toward illicit drug use.Item Negative Urgency and Central Adiposity in a Community Sample: Moderated Mediation by Depressive Symptoms and Eating Behaviors(Elsevier, 2021) Shell, Aubrey L.; Oglesby, Larissa T.; Um, Miji; Stewart, Jesse C.; Cyders, Melissa A.; Psychology, School of ScienceNegative urgency – acting rashly in response to negative emotions – is a risk factor for central adiposity. We examine whether the relationship between negative urgency and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) is mediated by eating behaviors (emotional eating, external eating, and cognitive restraint) and moderated by depressive symptom severity, factors that could be targeted to reduce risk associated with negative urgency. Using baseline data from the Nathan Kline Institute-Rockland Sample (N = 872; mean age = 42.4 years, SD = 15.3; 65% female; 27% non-White; mean body mass index = 27.9 kg/m2, SD = 5.9), we conducted a series of mediation and moderated mediation analyses controlling for age, sex, race, and socioeconomic status. Overall, there was a positive association between negative urgency and WHtR. Emotional eating (ab = 0.02, SE = 0.003, 95% CI [0.02, 0.03]) and uncontrolled eating (ab = 0.008, SE = 0.002, 95% CI [0.004, 0.01]) were partial mediators of the relationship between negative urgency and WHtR, while cognitive restraint was not. In a parallel mediation model, emotional eating remained significant, while uncontrolled eating did not. Depressive symptom severity moderated the indirect effect of negative urgency on WHtR through emotional eating (bint = −0.08, p < .001) but not the direct effect of negative urgency on WHtR. Our results indicate that emotional eating is a viable potential mechanism explaining the relationship between negative urgency and WHtR, and the indirect effect of negative urgency on WHtR through emotional eating becomes stronger as depressive symptom severity decreases.Item PTSD Symptoms Mediate the Relationship Between Sexual Abuse and Substance Use Risk in Juvenile Justice-Involved Youth(Sage, 2018-08) Sanders, Jasmyn; Hershberger, Alexandra R.; Kolp, Haley M.; Um, Miji; Aalsma, Matthew; Cyders, Melissa A.; Pediatrics, School of MedicineJuvenile justice-involved youth face disproportionate rates of sexual abuse, which increases the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorders (SUDs), both of which are associated with poor long-term outcomes. The present study tested two mediation and moderation models, controlling for age, race, and history of physical abuse, with gender as a moderator, to determine whether PTSD symptoms serve as a risk factor and/or mechanism in the relationship between sexual abuse and substance use. Data were examined for 197 juvenile justice-involved youth (mean age = 15.45, 68.9% non-White, 78.4% male) that completed court-ordered psychological assessments. Results indicated that PTSD symptoms significantly mediated the relationship between sexual abuse and drug (β = 3.44, confidence interval [CI] [0.26, 7.41]; test for indirect effect z = 2.41, p = .02) and alcohol use (β = 1.42, CI [0.20, 3.46]; test for indirect effect z = 2.23, p = .03). PTSD symptoms and gender were not significant moderators. Overall, PTSD symptoms mediate the relationship between sexual abuse and SUDs in juvenile justice-involved youth, which suggests viability of targeting PTSD symptoms as a modifiable risk factor to reduce the effects of sexual abuse on substance use in this high-risk population.Item Recommendations for applying a multi-dimensional model of impulsive personality to diagnosis and treatment(BioMed Central, 2018-04-02) Um, Miji; Hershberger, Alexandra R.; Whitt, Zachary T.; Cyders, Melissa A.; Psychology, School of ScienceThe UPPS-P Model of Impulsive Personality, a prominent model of impulsive personality derived from the Five Factor Model of Personality, is a multi-dimensional model of impulsive personality that consists of negative urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseveration, sensation seeking, and positive urgency. The UPPS-P model has highlighted the importance of separating multidimensional traits due to the specificity of these traits corresponding to different risk behaviors. The goal of the current review paper is to make recommendations on how to apply the UPPS-P Model of Impulsive Personality, to diagnosis of and treatment for psychopathology. However, despite impulsivity being one of the most frequently used criteria for a number of clinical disorders, our review of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders-5 found that the UPPS-P traits are not well represented in the diagnostic criteria, which we propose limits inferences about etiology and treatment targets. Additionally, research has largely focused on the importance of these traits for risk models; our review of the literature applying the UPPS-P traits to treatment processes and outcomes concluded that this area is not yet well studied. Here, we propose the specific application of the UPPS-P model to improve diagnosis and increase treatment effectiveness.Item The relationship among depressive symptoms, urgency, and problematic alcohol and cannabis use in community adults(Elsevier, 2019-01) Um, Miji; Hershberger, Alexandra R.; Cyders, Melissa A.; Psychology, School of ScienceThis study examined alternative models for how negative and positive urgency influence the relationship between depressive symptoms and alcohol and cannabis use in a community sample. Methods Participants included adults (n = 675; age = 42.57, SD = 15.66; 65.0% female; 74.2% White) in the community sample from the Rockland Project by the Nathan Kline Institute. Path analyses were conducted. Results Negative urgency was a unique mediator in the relationship between depressive symptoms and problematic alcohol use (β =0.121, 95% CI = 0.060–0.182) and problematic cannabis use (β =0.120, 95% CI = 0.060–0.179). Negative and positive urgency significantly moderated the relationship between depressive symptoms and problematic cannabis use (negative urgency: β = 0.092, 95% CI = 0.040–0.145; positive urgency: β = 0.070, 95% CI = 0.022–0.119), such that the relationship was positive at high levels and negative at low levels of urgency. The patterns and levels of the relationships between depressive symptoms and cannabis use differed between negative and positive urgency. Neither urgency trait moderated the relationship between depressive symptoms and problematic alcohol use. Conclusions Despite being strongly related, negative and positive urgency have distinct roles in the relationship between depressive symptoms and problematic alcohol and cannabis use. Previous finding with younger samples that do not include both traits in the model at time generalize and at other times do not replicate, which warrants the continued examination of how these traits impart risk across the lifespan.Item The relationship between the UPPS-P impulsive personality traits and substance use psychotherapy outcomes: A meta-analysis(Elsevier, 2017-09) Hershberger, Alexandra R.; Um, Miji; Cyders, Melissa A.; Department of Psychology, School of ScienceBackground Although impulsive personality traits have been well implicated in substance use disorder (SUD) risk, little work has established how specific impulsive personality traits influence and are influenced by SUD psychotherapy outcomes. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to quantitatively review existing work to examine 1) how impulsive personality traits affect SUD psychotherapy outcomes and 2) reductions in impulsive personality traits during SUD psychotherapy. Methods Studies were identified by conducting a comprehensive review of the literature. Results For aim one (k = 6), significant effects were found for lack of premeditation (g = 0.60, SE = 0.30, 95% CI 0.01–1.20; z = 1.99, p = 0.05) and negative urgency (g = 0.55, SE = 0.17, 95% CI 0.22–0.88, z = 3.30, p=0.001), with trait scores related to poorer SUD psychotherapy outcomes. For aim two (k = 10), decreases in sensation seeking (g = −0.10, SE = 0.05, 95% CI −0.20 to 0.004; z = −1.88, p=0.02) and negative urgency (g = −0.25, SE = 0.14, 95% CI −0.53 to 0.03; z = −1.75, p=0.03) during SUD psychotherapy were significant. Conclusions Overall, our quantitative synthesis suggests that lack of premeditation and negative urgency are related to poorer SUD psychotherapy outcomes. Although negative urgency and sensation seeking are decreasing during SUD psychotherapy, the magnitude of the change is quite small. Overall, we suggest that the measurement and targeting of impulsive personality traits in psychotherapy has strong potential to improve clinical outcomes across SUDs and a wide range of clinical problems and disorders.Item Relationship of Negative Urgency to Cingulo-Insular and Cortico-Striatal Resting State Functional Connectivity in Tobacco Use(SpringerLink, 2020-10) Um, Miji; Hummer, Tom A.; Cyders, Melissa A.; Psychology, School of ScienceNegative urgency, defined as a tendency to act rashly under extreme negative emotion, is strongly associated with tobacco use. Despite the robust evidence linking negative urgency and tobacco use and accumulating evidence suggesting that localized, segregated brain regions such as the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), insula, and amygdala are related to negative urgency, resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) of negative urgency in tobacco use has not yet been examined. This study included 34 daily tobacco users and 62 non-users matched on age, gender, race/ethnicity, and lifetime psychiatric diagnosis from a publicly available neuroimaging dataset collected by the Nathan Kline Institute-Rockland Project. Using the bilateral NAcc, insula, and amygdala as seed regions, seed-based rsFC analyses were conducted on the whole brain. In the whole sample, negative urgency was positively correlated with rsFC between the left insula and right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). Compared to non-users, tobacco users had a stronger rsFC strength between the right amygdala and right middle temporal gyrus. In tobacco users, negative urgency was negatively associated with rsFC between the left NAcc and right dACC and between the left NAcc and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; these relationships were positive in non-users. Identifying functional connectivity implicated in negative urgency and tobacco use is the crucial first step to design and test pharmacological and physiological interventions to reduce negative urgency related tobacco use.Item Resting-state neural circuit correlates of negative urgency: a comparison between tobacco users and non-tobacco users(2017-06-28) Um, Miji; Cyders, Melissa A.Negative urgency, defined as a tendency to act rashly under extreme negative emotion, is strongly associated with tobacco use. Despite the robust cross-sectional and experimental evidence linking negative urgency and tobacco use, neural correlates of negative urgency in tobacco use have not been studied. The purpose of the current study was to 1) identify neural circuits that differ between tobacco users and non-tobacco users and 2) explore the relationship between resting-state seed-based functional connectivity (rsFC) and negative urgency, both in the overall group and between tobacco users and non-tobacco users. Using negative urgency-related brain regions as seed regions (voxel level p = .005, cluster-level a < .05), compared to non-tobacco users (n = 21; mean age = 36.57, 62% female, 76% white), tobacco users (n = 22; mean age = 37.50, 64% female, 77% white) had stronger rsFC strengths in the right amygdala – left medial orbitofrontal cortex/ventromedial prefrontal cortex circuit and the right nucleus accumbens – right temporoparietal junction circuit. Additionally, rsFC in the bilateral temporal pole – left supramarginal gyrus circuits was positively correlated with negative urgency (Left temporal pole: r = .55, p < .001; Right temporal pole: r = .51, p < .001). The current study extends previous neuroimaging findings, which have mainly focused on how negative urgency is related to brain responses in localized, segregated brain regions, by examining the network-level interactions between different brain regions. This study provides prime preliminary data for future neuroimaging studies of negative urgency by providing potential target networks that would aid the development of novel intervention strategies for negative urgency-based maladaptive behaviors.