Browsing by Author "Thompson, Paul M."
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Item Adaptive Identification of Cortical and Subcortical Imaging Markers of Early Life Stress and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder(Wiley, 2019-05) Salminen, Lauren E.; Morey, Rajendra A.; Riedel, Brandalyn C.; Jahanshad, Neda; Dennis, Emily L.; Thompson, Paul M.; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of MedicinePosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a heterogeneous condition associated with a range of brain imaging abnormalities. Early life stress (ELS) contributes to this heterogeneity, but we do not know how a history of ELS influences traditionally defined brain signatures of PTSD. Here, we used a novel machine learning method – evolving partitions to improve classification (EPIC) – to identify shared and unique structural neuroimaging markers of ELS and PTSD in 97 combat-exposed military veterans. METHODS: We used EPIC with repeated cross-validation (CV) to determine how combinations of cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical brain volumes could contribute to classification of PTSD (n = 40) versus controls (n = 57), and classification of ELS within the PTSD (ELS+ n = 16; ELS− n = 24) and control groups (ELS+ n = 16; ELS− n = 41). Additional inputs included intracranial volume, age, sex, adult trauma, and depression. RESULTS: On average, EPIC classified PTSD with 69% accuracy (SD = 5%), and ELS with 64% accuracy in the PTSD group (SD = 10%), and 62% accuracy in controls (SD = 6%). EPIC selected unique sets of individual features that classified each group with 75–85% accuracy in post hoc analyses; combinations of regions marginally improved classification from the individual atlas-defined brain regions. Across analyses, surface area in the right posterior cingulate was the only variable that was repeatedly selected as an important feature for classification of PTSD and ELS. CONCLUSIONS: EPIC revealed unique patterns of features that distinguished PTSD and ELS in this sample of combat-exposed military veterans, which may represent distinct biotypes of stress-related neuropathology.Item Addressing overfitting bias due to sample overlap in polygenic risk scoring(Wiley, 2025) Jeong, Seokho; Shivakumar, Manu; Jung, Sang-Hyuk; Won, Hong-Hee; Nho, Kwangsik; Huang, Heng; Davatzikos, Christos; Saykin, Andrew J.; Thompson, Paul M.; Shen, Li; Kim, Young Jin; Kim, Bong-Jo; Lee, Seunggeun; Kim, Dokyoon; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of MedicineIntroduction: Numerous studies on Alzheimer's disease polygenic risk scores (PRSs) overlook sample overlap between International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project (IGAP) and target datasets like Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Methods: To address this, we developed overlap-adjusted PRS (OA PRS) and tested it on simulated data to assess biases from different scenarios by varying training, testing, and overlap proportions. OA PRS was used to adjust for sample bias in simulations; then, we applied OA PRS to IGAP and ADNI datasets and validated through visual diagnosis. Results: OA PRS effectively adjusted for sample overlap in all simulation scenarios, as well as for IGAP and ADNI. The original IGAP PRS showed an inflated area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC: 0.915) on overlapping samples. OA PRS reduced the AUROC to 0.726, closely aligning with the AUROC of non-overlapping samples (0.712). Further, visual diagnostics confirmed the effectiveness of our adjustments. Discussion: With OA PRS, we were able to adjust the IGAP summary-based PRS for the overlapped ADNI samples, allowing the dataset to be fully used without the risk of overfitting. Highlights: Sample overlap between large Alzheimer's disease (AD) cohorts poses overfitting bias when using AD polygenic risk scores (PRSs). This study highlighted the effectiveness of overlap-adjusted PRS (OA -PRS) in mitigating overfitting and improving the accuracy of PRS estimations. New PRSs based on adjusted effect sizes showed increased power in association with clinical features.Item Age‐dependent white matter disruptions after military traumatic brain injury: Multivariate analysis results from ENIGMA brain injury(Wiley, 2022) Bouchard, Heather C.; Sun, Delin; Dennis, Emily L.; Newsome, Mary R.; Disner, Seth G.; Elman, Jeremy; Silva, Annelise; Velez, Carmen; Irimia, Andrei; Davenport, Nicholas D.; Sponheim, Scott R.; Franz, Carol E.; Kremen, William S.; Coleman, Michael J.; Williams, M. Wright; Geuze, Elbert; Koerte, Inga K.; Shenton, Martha E.; Adamson, Maheen M.; Coimbra, Raul; Grant, Gerald; Shutter, Lori; George, Mark S.; Zafonte, Ross D.; McAllister, Thomas W.; Stein, Murray B.; Thompson, Paul M.; Wilde, Elisabeth A.; Tate, David F.; Sotiras, Aristeidis; Morey, Rajendra A.; Psychiatry, School of MedicineMild Traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a signature wound in military personnel, and repetitive mTBI has been linked to age‐related neurogenerative disorders that affect white matter (WM) in the brain. However, findings of injury to specific WM tracts have been variable and inconsistent. This may be due to the heterogeneity of mechanisms, etiology, and comorbid disorders related to mTBI. Non‐negative matrix factorization (NMF) is a data‐driven approach that detects covarying patterns (components) within high‐dimensional data. We applied NMF to diffusion imaging data from military Veterans with and without a self‐reported TBI history. NMF identified 12 independent components derived from fractional anisotropy (FA) in a large dataset (n = 1,475) gathered through the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta‐Analysis) Military Brain Injury working group. Regressions were used to examine TBI‐ and mTBI‐related associations in NMF‐derived components while adjusting for age, sex, post‐traumatic stress disorder, depression, and data acquisition site/scanner. We found significantly stronger age‐dependent effects of lower FA in Veterans with TBI than Veterans without in four components (q < 0.05), which are spatially unconstrained by traditionally defined WM tracts. One component, occupying the most peripheral location, exhibited significantly stronger age‐dependent differences in Veterans with mTBI. We found NMF to be powerful and effective in detecting covarying patterns of FA associated with mTBI by applying standard parametric regression modeling. Our results highlight patterns of WM alteration that are differentially affected by TBI and mTBI in younger compared to older military Veterans.Item Altered Cortical Brain Structure and Increased Risk for Disease Seen Decades After Perinatal Exposure to Maternal Smoking: A Study of 9000 Adults in the UK Biobank(Oxford Academic, 2019-12-17) Salminen, Lauren E.; Wilcox, Rand R.; Zhu, Alyssa H.; Riedel, Brandalyn C.; Ching, Christopher R.K.; Rashid, Faisal; Thomopoulos, Sophia I.; Saremi, Arvin; Harrison, Marc B.; Ragothaman, Anjanibhargavi; Knight, Victoria; Boyle, Christina P.; Medland, Sarah E.; Thompson, Paul M.; Jahanshad, Neda; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of MedicineSecondhand smoke exposure is a major public health risk that is especially harmful to the developing brain, but it is unclear if early exposure affects brain structure during middle age and older adulthood. Here we analyzed brain MRI data from the UK Biobank in a population-based sample of individuals (ages 44–80) who were exposed (n = 2510) or unexposed (n = 6079) to smoking around birth. We used robust statistical models, including quantile regressions, to test the effect of perinatal smoke exposure (PSE) on cortical surface area (SA), thickness, and subcortical volumes. We hypothesized that PSE would be associated with cortical disruption in primary sensory areas compared to unexposed (PSE−) adults. After adjusting for multiple comparisons, SA was significantly lower in the pericalcarine (PCAL), inferior parietal (IPL), and regions of the temporal and frontal cortex of PSE+ adults; these abnormalities were associated with increased risk for several diseases, including circulatory and endocrine conditions. Sensitivity analyses conducted in a hold-out group of healthy participants (exposed, n = 109, unexposed, n = 315) replicated the effect of PSE on SA in the PCAL and IPL. Collectively our results show a negative, long term effect of PSE on sensory cortices that may increase risk for disease later in life.Item An interpretable Alzheimer's disease oligogenic risk score informed by neuroimaging biomarkers improves risk prediction and stratification(Frontiers Media, 2023-10-26) Suh, Erica H.; Lee, Garam; Jung, Sang-Hyuk; Wen, Zixuan; Bao, Jingxuan; Nho, Kwangsik; Huang, Heng; Davatzikos, Christos; Saykin, Andrew J.; Thompson, Paul M.; Shen, Li; Kim, Dokyoon; Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of MedicineIntroduction: Stratification of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients into risk subgroups using Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS) presents novel opportunities for the development of clinical trials and disease-modifying therapies. However, the heterogeneous nature of AD continues to pose significant challenges for the clinical broadscale use of PRS. PRS remains unfit in demonstrating sufficient accuracy in risk prediction, particularly for individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and in allowing feasible interpretation of specific genes or SNPs contributing to disease risk. We propose adORS, a novel oligogenic risk score for AD, to better predict risk of disease by using an optimized list of relevant genetic risk factors. Methods: Using whole genome sequencing data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort (n = 1,545), we selected 20 genes that exhibited the strongest correlations with FDG-PET and AV45-PET, recognized neuroimaging biomarkers that detect functional brain changes in AD. This subset of genes was incorporated into adORS to assess, in comparison to PRS, the prediction accuracy of CN vs. AD classification and MCI conversion prediction, risk stratification of the ADNI cohort, and interpretability of the genetic information included in the scores. Results: adORS improved AUC scores over PRS in both CN vs. AD classification and MCI conversion prediction. The oligogenic model also refined risk-based stratification, even without the assistance of APOE, thus reflecting the true prevalence rate of the ADNI cohort compared to PRS. Interpretation analysis shows that genes included in adORS, such as ATF6, EFCAB11, ING5, SIK3, and CD46, have been observed in similar neurodegenerative disorders and/or are supported by AD-related literature. Discussion: Compared to conventional PRS, adORS may prove to be a more appropriate choice of differentiating patients into high or low genetic risk of AD in clinical studies or settings. Additionally, the ability to interpret specific genetic information allows the focus to be shifted from general relative risk based on a given population to the information that adORS can provide for a single individual, thus permitting the possibility of personalized treatments for AD.Item Associations of Sex, Race, and Apolipoprotein E Alleles With Multiple Domains of Cognition Among Older Adults(American Medical Association, 2023) Walters, Skylar; Contreras, Alex G.; Eissman, Jaclyn M.; Mukherjee, Shubhabrata; Lee, Michael L.; Choi, Seo-Eun; Scollard, Phoebe; Trittschuh, Emily H.; Mez, Jesse B.; Bush, William S.; Kunkle, Brian W.; Naj, Adam C.; Peterson, Amalia; Gifford, Katherine A.; Cuccaro, Michael L.; Cruchaga, Carlos; Pericak-Vance, Margaret A.; Farrer, Lindsay A.; Wang, Li-San; Haines, Jonathan L.; Jefferson, Angela L.; Kukull, Walter A.; Keene, C. Dirk; Saykin, Andrew J.; Thompson, Paul M.; Martin, Eden R.; Bennett, David A.; Barnes, Lisa L.; Schneider, Julie A.; Crane, Paul K.; Hohman, Timothy J.; Dumitrescu, Logan; Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative; Alzheimer’s Disease Genetics Consortium; Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of MedicineImportance: Sex differences are established in associations between apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer disease (AD). However, it is unclear whether sex-specific cognitive consequences of APOE are consistent across races and extend to the APOE ε2 allele. Objective: To investigate whether sex and race modify APOE ε4 and ε2 associations with cognition. Design, setting, and participants: This genetic association study included longitudinal cognitive data from 4 AD and cognitive aging cohorts. Participants were older than 60 years and self-identified as non-Hispanic White or non-Hispanic Black (hereafter, White and Black). Data were previously collected across multiple US locations from 1994 to 2018. Secondary analyses began December 2021 and ended September 2022. Main outcomes and measures: Harmonized composite scores for memory, executive function, and language were generated using psychometric approaches. Linear regression assessed interactions between APOE ε4 or APOE ε2 and sex on baseline cognitive scores, while linear mixed-effect models assessed interactions on cognitive trajectories. The intersectional effect of race was modeled using an APOE × sex × race interaction term, assessing whether APOE × sex interactions differed by race. Models were adjusted for age at baseline and corrected for multiple comparisons. Results: Of 32 427 participants who met inclusion criteria, there were 19 007 females (59%), 4453 Black individuals (14%), and 27 974 White individuals (86%); the mean (SD) age at baseline was 74 years (7.9). At baseline, 6048 individuals (19%) had AD, 4398 (14%) were APOE ε2 carriers, and 12 538 (38%) were APOE ε4 carriers. Participants missing APOE status were excluded (n = 9266). For APOE ε4, a robust sex interaction was observed on baseline memory (β = -0.071, SE = 0.014; P = 9.6 × 10-7), whereby the APOE ε4 negative effect was stronger in females compared with males and did not significantly differ among races. Contrastingly, despite the large sample size, no APOE ε2 × sex interactions on cognition were observed among all participants. When testing for intersectional effects of sex, APOE ε2, and race, an interaction was revealed on baseline executive function among individuals who were cognitively unimpaired (β = -0.165, SE = 0.066; P = .01), whereby the APOE ε2 protective effect was female-specific among White individuals but male-specific among Black individuals. Conclusions and relevance: In this study, while race did not modify sex differences in APOE ε4, the APOE ε2 protective effect could vary by race and sex. Although female sex enhanced ε4-associated risk, there was no comparable sex difference in ε2, suggesting biological pathways underlying ε4-associated risk are distinct from ε2 and likely intersect with age-related changes in sex biology.Item Automated and manual hippocampal segmentation techniques: Comparison of results, reproducibility and clinical applicability(Elsevier, 2019) Hurtz, Sona; Chow, Nicole; Watson, Amity E.; Somme, Johanne H.; Goukasian, Naira; Hwang, Kristy S.; Morra, John; Elashoff, David; Gao, Sujuan; Petersen, Ronald C.; Aisen, Paul S.; Thompson, Paul M.; Apostolova, Liana G.; Biostatistics, School of Public HealthBACKGROUND: Imaging techniques used to measure hippocampal atrophy are key to understanding the clinical progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Various semi-automated hippocampal segmentation techniques are available and require human expert input to learn how to accurately segment new data. Our goal was to compare 1) the performance of our automated hippocampal segmentation technique relative to manual segmentations, and 2) the performance of our automated technique when provided with a training set from two different raters. We also explored the ability of hippocampal volumes obtained using manual and automated hippocampal segmentations to predict conversion from MCI to AD. METHODS: We analyzed 161 1.5 T T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance images (MRI) from the ADCS Donepezil/Vitamin E clinical study. All subjects carried a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Three different segmentation outputs (one produced by manual tracing and two produced by a semi-automated algorithm trained with training sets developed by two raters) were compared using single measure intraclass correlation statistics (smICC). The radial distance method was used to assess each segmentation technique's ability to detect hippocampal atrophy in 3D. We then compared how well each segmentation method detected baseline hippocampal differences between MCI subjects who remained stable (MCInc) and those who converted to AD (MCIc) during the trial. Our statistical maps were corrected for multiple comparisons using permutation-based statistics with a threshold of p < .01. RESULTS: Our smICC analyses showed significant agreement between the manual and automated hippocampal segmentations from rater 1 [right smICC = 0.78 (95%CI 0.72-0.84); left smICC = 0.79 (95%CI 0.72-0.85)], the manual segmentations from rater 1 versus the automated segmentations from rater 2 [right smICC = 0.78 (95%CI 0.7-0.84); left smICC = 0.78 (95%CI 0.71-0.84)], and the automated segmentations of rater 1 versus rater 2 [right smICC = 0.97 (95%CI 0.96-0.98); left smICC = 0.97 (95%CI 0.96-0.98)]. All three segmentation methods detected significant CA1 and subicular atrophy in MCIc compared to MCInc at baseline (manual: right pcorrected = 0.0112, left pcorrected = 0.0006; automated rater 1: right pcorrected = 0.0318, left pcorrected = 0.0302; automated rater 2: right pcorrected = 0.0029, left pcorrected = 0.0166). CONCLUSIONS: The hippocampal volumes obtained with a fast semi-automated segmentation method were highly comparable to the ones obtained with the labor-intensive manual segmentation method. The AdaBoost automated hippocampal segmentation technique is highly reliable allowing the efficient analysis of large data sets.Item Common folate gene variant, MTHFR C677T, is associated with brain structure in two independent cohorts of people with mild cognitive impairment(Elsevier, 2012-10-04) Rajagopalan, Priya; Jahanshad, Neda; Stein, Jason L.; Hua, Xue; Madsen, Sarah K.; Kohannim, Omid; Hibar, Derrek P.; Toga, Arthur W.; Jack, Clifford R., Jr.; Saykin, Andrew J.; Green, Robert C.; Weiner, Michael W.; Bis, Joshua C.; Kuller, Lewis H.; Riverol, Mario; Becker, James T.; Lopez, Oscar L.; Thompson, Paul M.; Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI); Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS); Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of MedicineA commonly carried C677T polymorphism in a folate-related gene, MTHFR, is associated with higher plasma homocysteine, a well-known mediator of neuronal damage and brain atrophy. As homocysteine promotes brain atrophy, we set out to discover whether people carrying the C677T MTHFR polymorphism which increases homocysteine, might also show systematic differences in brain structure. Using tensor-based morphometry, we tested this association in 359 elderly Caucasian subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (mean age: 75 ± 7.1 years) scanned with brain MRI and genotyped as part of Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. We carried out a replication study in an independent, non-overlapping sample of 51 elderly Caucasian subjects with MCI (mean age: 76 ± 5.5 years), scanned with brain MRI and genotyped for MTHFR, as part of the Cardiovascular Health Study. At each voxel in the brain, we tested to see where regional volume differences were associated with carrying one or more MTHFR 'T' alleles. In ADNI subjects, carriers of the MTHFR risk allele had detectable brain volume deficits, in the white matter, of up to 2-8% per risk T allele locally at baseline and showed accelerated brain atrophy of 0.5-1.5% per T allele at 1 year follow-up, after adjusting for age and sex. We replicated these brain volume deficits of up to 5-12% per MTHFR T allele in the independent cohort of CHS subjects. As expected, the associations weakened after controlling for homocysteine levels, which the risk gene affects. The MTHFR risk variant may thus promote brain atrophy by elevating homocysteine levels. This study aims to investigate the spatially detailed effects of this MTHFR polymorphism on brain structure in 3D, pointing to a causal pathway that may promote homocysteine-mediated brain atrophy in elderly people with MCI.Item Common genetic variants influence human subcortical brain structures(Nature Publishing Group, 2015-04-09) Hibar, Derrek P.; Stein, Jason L.; Renteria, Miguel E.; Arias-Vasquez, Alejandro; Desrivières, Sylvane; Jahanshad, Neda; Toro, Roberto; Wittfeld, Katharina; Abramovic, Lucija; Andersson, Micael; Aribisala, Benjamin S.; Armstrong, Nicola J.; Bernard, Manon; Bohlken, Marc M.; Boks, Marco P.; Bralten, Janita; Brown, Andrew A.; Chakravarty, M. Mallar; Chen, Qiang; Ching, Christopher R. K.; Cuellar-Partida, Gabriel; den Braber, Anouk; Giddaluru, Sudheer; Goldman, Aaron L.; Grimm, Oliver; Guadalupe, Tulio; Hass, Johanna; Woldehawariat, Girma; Holmes, Avram J.; Hoogman, Martine; Janowitz, Deborah; Jia, Tianye; Kim, Sungeun; Klein, Marieke; Kraemer, Bernd; Lee, Phil H.; Olde Loohuis, Loes M.; Luciano, Michelle; Macare, Christine; Mather, Karen A.; Mattheisen, Manuel; Milaneschi, Yuri; Nho, Kwangsik; Papmeyer, Martina; Ramasamy, Adaikalavan; Risacher, Shannon L.; Roiz-Santiañez, Roberto; Rose, Emma J.; Salami, Alireza; Sämann, Philipp G.; Schmaal, Lianne; Schork, Andrew J.; Shin, Jean; Strike, Lachlan T.; Teumer, Alexander; van Donkelaar, Marjolein M. J.; van Eijk, Kristel R.; Walters, Raymond K.; Westlye, Lars T.; Whelan, Christopher D.; Winkler, Anderson M.; Zwiers, Marcel P.; Alhusaini, Saud; Athanasiu, Lavinia; Ehrlich, Stefan; Hakobjan, Marina M. H.; Hartberg, Cecilie B.; Haukvik, Unn K.; Heister, Angelien J. G. A. M.; Hoehn, David; Kasperaviciute, Dalia; Liewald, David C. M.; Lopez, Lorna M.; Makkinje, Remco R. R.; Matarin, Mar; Naber, Marlies A. M.; McKay, D. Reese; Needham, Margaret; Nugent, Allison C.; Pütz, Benno; Royle, Natalie A.; Shen, Li; Sprooten, Emma; Trabzuni, Daniah; van der Marel, Saskia S. L.; van Hulzen, Kimm J. E.; Walton, Esther; Wolf, Christiane; Almasy, Laura; Ames, David; Arepalli, Sampath; Assareh, Amelia A.; Bastin, Mark E.; Brodaty, Henry; Bulayeva, Kazima B.; Carless, Melanie A.; Cichon, Sven; Corvin, Aiden; Curran, Joanne E.; Czisch, Michael; de Zubicaray, Greig I.; Dillman, Allissa; Duggirala, Ravi; Dyer, Thomas D.; Erk, Susanne; Fedko, Iryna O.; Ferrucci, Luigi; Foroud, Tatiana M.; Fox, Peter T.; Fukunaga, Masaki; Gibbs, J. Raphael; Göring, Harald H. H.; Green, Robert C.; Guelfi, Sebastian; Hansell, Narelle K.; Hartman, Catharina A.; Hegenscheid, Katrin; Heinz, Andreas; Hernandez, Dena G.; Heslenfeld, Dirk J.; Hoekstra, Pieter J.; Holsboer, Florian; Homuth, Georg; Hottenga, Jouke-Jan; Ikeda, Masashi; Jack, Clifford R.; Jenkinson, Mark; Johnson, Robert; Kanai, Ryota; Keil, Maria; Kent, Jack W.; Kochunov, Peter; Kwok, John B.; Lawrie, Stephen M.; Liu, Xinmin; Longo, Dan L.; McMahon, Katie L.; Meisenzahl, Eva; Melle, Ingrid; Mohnke, Sebastian; Montgomery, Grant W.; Mostert, Jeanette C.; Mühleisen, Thomas W.; Nalls, Michael A.; Nichols, Thomas E.; Nilsson, Lars G.; Nöthen, Markus M.; Ohi, Kazutaka; Olvera, Rene L.; Perez-Iglesias, Rocio; Pike, G. Bruce; Potkin, Steven G.; Reinvang, Ivar; Reppermund, Simone; Rietschel, Marcella; Romanczuk-Seiferth, Nina; Rosen, Glenn D.; Rujescu, Dan; Schnell, Knut; Schofield, Peter R.; Smith, Colin; Steen, Vidar M.; Sussmann, Jessika E.; Thalamuthu, Anbupalam; Toga, Arthur W.; Traynor, Bryan J.; Troncoso, Juan; Turner, Jessica A.; Valdés Hernández, Maria C.; van ’t Ent, Dennis; van der Brug, Marcel; van der Wee, Nic J. A.; van Tol, Marie-Jose; Veltman, Dick J.; Wassink, Thomas H.; Westman, Eric; Zielke, Ronald H.; Zonderman, Alan B.; Ashbrook, David G.; Hager, Reinmar; Lu, Lu; McMahon, Francis J.; Morris, Derek W.; Williams, Robert W.; Brunner, Han G.; Buckner, Randy L.; Buitelaar, Jan K.; Cahn, Wiepke; Calhoun, Vince D.; Cavalleri, Gianpiero L.; Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto; Dale, Anders M.; Davies, Gareth E.; Delanty, Norman; Depondt, Chantal; Djurovic, Srdjan; Drevets, Wayne C.; Espeseth, Thomas; Gollub, Randy L.; Ho, Beng-Choon; Hoffmann, Wolfgang; Hosten, Norbert; Kahn, René S.; Le Hellard, Stephanie; Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas; Müller-Myhsok, Bertram; Nauck, Matthias; Nyberg, Lars; Pandolfo, Massimo; Penninx, Brenda W. J. H.; Roffman, Joshua L.; Sisodiya, Sanjay M.; Smoller, Jordan W.; van Bokhoven, Hans; van Haren, Neeltje E. M.; Völzke, Henry; Walter, Henrik; Weiner, Michael W.; Wen, Wei; White, Tonya; Agartz, Ingrid; Andreassen, Ole A.; Blangero, John; Boomsma, Dorret I.; Brouwer, Rachel M.; Cannon, Dara M.; Cookson, Mark R.; de Geus, Eco J. C.; Deary, Ian J.; Donohoe, Gary; Fernández, Guillén; Fisher, Simon E.; Francks, Clyde; Glahn, David C.; Grabe, Hans J.; Gruber, Oliver; Hardy, John; Hashimoto, Ryota; Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E.; Jönsson, Erik G.; Kloszewska, Iwona; Lovestone, Simon; Mattay, Venkata S.; Mecocci, Patrizia; McDonald, Colm; McIntosh, Andrew M.; Ophoff, Roel A.; Paus, Tomas; Pausova, Zdenka; Ryten, Mina; Sachdev, Perminder S.; Saykin, Andrew J.; Simmons, Andy; Singleton, Andrew; Soininen, Hilkka; Wardlaw, Joanna M.; Weale, Michael E.; Weinberger, Daniel R.; Adams, Hieab H. H.; Launer, Lenore J.; Seiler, Stephan; Schmidt, Reinhold; Chauhan, Ganesh; Satizabal, Claudia L.; Becker, James T.; Yanek, Lisa; van der Lee, Sven J.; Ebling, Maritza; Fischl, Bruce; Longstreth, W. T.; Greve, Douglas; Schmidt, Helena; Nyquist, Paul; Vinke, Louis N.; van Duijn, Cornelia M.; Xue, Luting; Mazoyer, Bernard; Bis, Joshua C.; Gudnason, Vilmundur; Seshadri, Sudha; Ikram, M. Arfan; Martin, Nicholas G.; Wright, Margaret J.; Schumann, Gunter; Franke, Barbara; Thompson, Paul M.; Medland, Sarah E.; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, IU School of MedicineThe highly complex structure of the human brain is strongly shaped by genetic influences. Subcortical brain regions form circuits with cortical areas to coordinate movement, learning, memory and motivation, and altered circuits can lead to abnormal behaviour and disease. To investigate how common genetic variants affect the structure of these brain regions, here we conduct genome-wide association studies of the volumes of seven subcortical regions and the intracranial volume derived from magnetic resonance images of 30,717 individuals from 50 cohorts. We identify five novel genetic variants influencing the volumes of the putamen and caudate nucleus. We also find stronger evidence for three loci with previously established influences on hippocampal volume and intracranial volume. These variants show specific volumetric effects on brain structures rather than global effects across structures. The strongest effects were found for the putamen, where a novel intergenic locus with replicable influence on volume (rs945270Item Cortical thickness across the lifespan: Data from 17,075 healthy individuals aged 3-90 years(Wiley, 2022-01) Frangou, Sophia; Modabbernia, Amirhossein; Williams, Steven C.R.; Papachristou, Efstathios; Doucet, Gaelle E.; Agartz, Ingrid; Aghajani, Moji; Akudjedu, Theophilus N.; Albajes-Eizagirre, Anton; Alnæs, Dag; Alpert, Kathryn I.; Andersson, Micael; Andreasen, Nancy C.; Andreassen, Ole A.; Asherson, Philip; Banaschewski, Tobias; Bargallo, Nuria; Baumeister, Sarah; Baur-Streubel, Ramona; Bertolino, Alessandro; Bonvino, Aurora; Boomsma, Dorret I.; Borgwardt, Stefan; Bourque, Josiane; Brandeis, Daniel; Breier, Alan; Brodaty, Henry; Brouwer, Rachel M.; Buitelaar, Jan K.; Busatto, Geraldo F.; Buckner, Randy L.; Calhoun, Vincent; Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J.; Cannon, Dara M.; Caseras, Xavier; Castellanos, Francisco X.; Cervenka, Simon; Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M.; Ching, Christopher R.K.; Chubar, Victoria; Clark, Vincent P.; Conrod, Patricia; Conzelmann, Annette; Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto; Crivello, Fabrice; Crone, Eveline A.; Dale, Anders M.; Dannlowski, Udo; Davey, Christopher; de Geus, Eco J.C.; de Haan, Lieuwe; de Zubicaray, Greig I.; den Braber, Anouk; Dickie, Erin W.; Di Giorgio, Annabella; Doan, Nhat Trung; Dørum, Erlend S.; Ehrlich, Stefan; Erk, Susanne; Espeseth, Thomas; Fatouros-Bergman, Helena; Fisher, Simon E.; Fouche, Jean-Paul; Franke, Barbara; Frodl, Thomas; Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola; Glahn, David C.; Gotlib, Ian H.; Grabe, Hans-Jörgen; Grimm, Oliver; Groenewold, Nynke A.; Grotegerd, Dominik; Gruber, Oliver; Gruner, Patricia; Gur, Rachel E.; Gur, Ruben C.; Hahn, Tim; Harrison, Ben J.; Hartman, Catharine A.; Hatton, Sean N.; Heinz, Andreas; Heslenfeld, Dirk J.; Hibar, Derrek P.; Hickie, Ian B.; Ho, Beng-Choon; Hoekstra, Pieter J.; Hohmann, Sarah; Holmes, Avram J.; Hoogman, Martine; Hosten, Norbert; Howells, Fleur M.; Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E.; Huyser, Chaim; Jahanshad, Neda; James, Anthony; Jernigan, Terry L.; Jiang, Jiyang; Jönsson, Erik G.; Joska, John A.; Kahn, Rene; Kalnin, Andrew; Kanai, Ryota; Klein, Marieke; Klyushnik, Tatyana P.; Koenders, Laura; Koops, Sanne; Krämer, Bernd; Kuntsi, Jonna; Lagopoulos, Jim; Lázaro, Luisa; Lebedeva, Irina; Lee, Won Hee; Lesch, Klaus-Peter; Lochner, Christine; Machielsen, Marise W.J.; Maingault, Sophie; Martin, Nicholas G.; Martínez-Zalacaín, Ignacio; Mataix-Cols, David; Mazoyer, Bernard; McDonald, Colm; McDonald, Brenna C.; McIntosh, Andrew M.; McMahon, Katie L.; McPhilemy, Genevieve; Meinert, Susanne; Menchón, José M.; Medland, Sarah E.; Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas; Naaijen, Jilly; Najt, Pablo; Nakao, Tomohiro; Nordvik, Jan E.; Nyberg, Lars; Oosterlaan, Jaap; Ortiz-García de la Foz, Víctor; Paloyelis, Yannis; Pauli, Paul; Pergola, Giulio; Pomarol-Clotet, Edith; Portella, Maria J.; Potkin, Steven G.; Radua, Joaquim; Reif, Andreas; Rinker, Daniel A.; Roffman, Joshua L.; Rosa, Pedro G.P.; Sacchet, Matthew D.; Sachdev, Perminder S.; Salvador, Raymond; Sánchez-Juan, Pascual; Sarró, Salvador; Satterthwaite, Theodore D.; Saykin, Andrew J.; Serpa, Mauricio H.; Schmaal, Lianne; Schnell, Knut; Schumann, Gunter; Sim, Kang; Smoller, Jordan W.; Sommer, Iris; Soriano-Mas, Carles; Stein, Dan J.; Strike, Lachlan T.; Swagerman, Suzanne C.; Tamnes, Christian K.; Temmingh, Henk S.; Thomopoulos, Sophia I.; Tomyshev, Alexander S.; Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Diana; Trollor, Julian N.; Turner, Jessica A.; Uhlmann, Anne; van den Heuvel, Odile A.; van den Meer, Dennis; van der Wee, Nic J.A.; van Haren, Neeltje E.M.; van't Ent, Dennis; van Erp, Theo G.M.; Veer, Ilya M.; Veltman, Dick J.; Voineskos, Aristotle; Völzke, Henry; Walter, Henrik; Walton, Esther; Wang, Lei; Wang, Yang; Wassink, Thomas H.; Weber, Bernd; Wen, Wei; West, John D.; Westlye, Lars T.; Whalley, Heather; Wierenga, Lara M.; Wittfeld, Katharina; Wolf, Daniel H.; Worker, Amanda; Wright, Margaret J.; Yang, Kun; Yoncheva, Yulyia; Zanetti, Marcus V.; Ziegler, Georg C.; Karolinska Schizophrenia Project (KaSP); Thompson, Paul M.; Dima, Danai; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of MedicineDelineating the association of age and cortical thickness in healthy individuals is critical given the association of cortical thickness with cognition and behavior. Previous research has shown that robust estimates of the association between age and brain morphometry require large-scale studies. In response, we used cross-sectional data from 17,075 individuals aged 3-90 years from the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium to infer age-related changes in cortical thickness. We used fractional polynomial (FP) regression to quantify the association between age and cortical thickness, and we computed normalized growth centiles using the parametric Lambda, Mu, and Sigma method. Interindividual variability was estimated using meta-analysis and one-way analysis of variance. For most regions, their highest cortical thickness value was observed in childhood. Age and cortical thickness showed a negative association; the slope was steeper up to the third decade of life and more gradual thereafter; notable exceptions to this general pattern were entorhinal, temporopolar, and anterior cingulate cortices. Interindividual variability was largest in temporal and frontal regions across the lifespan. Age and its FP combinations explained up to 59% variance in cortical thickness. These results may form the basis of further investigation on normative deviation in cortical thickness and its significance for behavioral and cognitive outcomes.