Browsing by Author "Smith, David H."

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    Bariatric Surgery and Risk of Death in Persons with Chronic Kidney Disease
    (Wolters Kluwer, 2022-12-01) Coleman, Karen J.; Shu , Yu-Hsiang; Fischer , Heidi; Johnson , Eric; Yoon , Tae K.; Taylor , Brianna; Imam, Talha; DeRose , Stephen; Haneuse , Sebastien; Herrinton , Lisa J.; Fisher, David; Li , Robert A.; Theis, Mary Kay; Liu , Liyan; Courcoulas, Anita P.; Smith, David H.; Arterburn, David E.; Friedman, Allon N.; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Objective: A retrospective cohort study investigated the association between having surgery and risk of mortality for up to five years and if this association was modified by incident End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) during the follow-up period. Summary Background Data: Mortality risk in individuals with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) is high and few effective treatment options are available. Whether bariatric surgery can improve survival in people with CKD is unclear. Methods: Patients with class II and III obesity and pre-dialysis CKD stages 3 – 5 who underwent bariatric surgery between 1/1/2006 and 9/30/2015 (n = 802) were matched to patients who did not have surgery (n = 4,933). Mortality was obtained from state death records and ESRD was identified through state-based or healthcare system-based registries. Cox regression models were used to investigate the association between bariatric surgery and risk of mortality and if this was moderated by incident ESRD during the follow-up period. Results: Patients were primarily women (79%), non-Hispanic White (72%), under 65 years old (64%), who had a BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 (59%), diabetes (67%) and hypertension (89%). After adjusting for incident ESRD, bariatric surgery was associated with a 79% lower 5-year risk of mortality compared to matched controls (HR = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.14-0.32; p < .001). Incident ESRD did not moderate the observed association between surgery and mortality (HR = 1.59; 95% CI 0.31-8.23; p = .58). Conclusions: Bariatric surgery is associated with a reduction in mortality in pre-dialysis patients regardless of developing ESRD. These findings are significant because patients with CKD are at relatively high risk for death with few efficacious interventions available to improve survival.
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    Bariatric Surgery and Risk of Death in Persons With Chronic Kidney Disease
    (Wolters Kluwer, 2022) Coleman, Karen J.; Shu, Yu-Hsiang; Fischer, Heidi; Johnson, Eric; Yoon, Tae K.; Taylor, Brianna; Imam, Talha; DeRose, Stephen; Haneuse, Sebastien; Herrinton, Lisa J.; Fisher, David; Li, Robert A.; Theis, Mary Kay; Liu, Liyan; Courcoulas, Anita P.; Smith, David H.; Arterburn, David E.; Friedman, Allon N.; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Objective: A retrospective cohort study investigated the association between having surgery and risk of mortality for up to 5 years and if this association was modified by incident ESRD during the follow-up period. Summary of Background Data: Mortality risk in individuals with pre-dialysis CKD is high and few effective treatment options are available. Whether bariatric surgery can improve survival in people with CKD is unclear. Methods: Patients with class II and III obesity and pre-dialysis CKD stages 3-5 who underwent bariatric surgery between January 1, 2006 and September 30, 2015 (n = 802) were matched to patients who did not have surgery (n = 4933). Mortality was obtained from state death records and ESRD was identified through state-based or healthcare system-based registries. Cox regression models were used to investigate the association between bariatric surgery and risk of mortality and if this was moderated by incident ESRD during the follow-up period. Results: Patients were primarily women (79%), non-Hispanic White (72%), under 65 years old (64%), who had a body mass index > 40kg/m 2 (59%), diabetes (67%), and hypertension (89%). After adjusting for incident ESRD, bariatric surgery was associated with a 79% lower 5-year risk of mortality compared to matched controls (hazard ratio = 0.21; 95% confidence interval: 0.14-0.32; P < 0.001). Incident ESRD did not moderate the observed association between surgery and mortality (hazard ratio = 1.59; 95% confidence interval: 0.31-8.23; P =0.58). Conclusions: Bariatric surgery is associated with a reduction in mortality in pre-dialysis patients regardless of developing ESRD. These findings are significant because patients with CKD are at relatively high risk for death with few efficacious interventions available to improve survival.
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    Physiological Correlates of Volunteering
    (2016) Bekkers, René; Konrath, Sara H.; Smith, David H.
    We review research on physiological correlates of volunteering, a neglected but promising research field. Some of these correlates seem to be causal factors influencing volunteering. Volunteers tend to have better physical health, both self-reported and expert-assessed, better mental health, and perform better on cognitive tasks. Research thus far has rarely examined neurological, neurochemical, hormonal, and genetic correlates of volunteering to any significant extent, especially controlling for other factors as potential confounds. Evolutionary theory and behavioral genetic research suggest the importance of such physiological factors in humans. Basically, many aspects of social relationships and social activities have effects on health (e.g., Newman and Roberts 2013; Uchino 2004), as the widely used biopsychosocial (BPS) model suggests (Institute of Medicine 2001). Studies of formal volunteering (FV), charitable giving, and altruistic behavior suggest that physiological characteristics are related to volunteering, including specific genes (such as oxytocin receptor [OXTR] genes, Arginine vasopressin receptor [AVPR] genes, dopamine D4 receptor [DRD4] genes, and 5-HTTLPR). We recommend that future research on physiological factors be extended to non-Western populations, focusing specifically on volunteering, and differentiating between different forms and types of volunteering and civic participation.
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    Physiological correlates of volunteering: health, neurology, hormones, and genetics
    (2014-04-08) Bekkers, Rene; Konrath, Sara H.; Smith, David H.
    We review the evidence on physiological correlates of volunteering, a neglected but promising field of research. Volunteers are in better health, both self-reported and assessed, and perform better on cognitive tasks. Research thus far has not examined neurological, neurochemical, hormonal and genetic correlates of volunteering. Studies on charitable giving suggest that these physiological characteristics are related to volunteering, including specific genes (such as OXTR genes, AVPR genes, DRD4, 5HTTLPR). We recommend that future research is extended to nonwestern populations, focuses specifically on volunteering, and differentiates between forms of volunteering.