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Browsing by Author "Qureshi, Abrar A."
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Item Association between plasma L-carnitine levels and mitochondrial DNA copy number(Springer Nature, 2023-12-11) Li, Mingyue; Yang, Keming; De Vivo, Immaculata; Eliassen, A. Heather; Qureshi, Abrar A.; Nan, Hongmei; Han, Jiali; Epidemiology, School of Public HealthMitochondria are key cytoplasmic organelles in eukaryotic cells that generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number (mtDNAcn) is considered a biomarker for both mitochondrial quantity and function as well as cellular oxidative stress level. Previous epidemiologic findings revealed that weight gain, higher body mass index (BMI), smoking, and high insulinemic potential of lifestyle were associated with lower leukocyte mtDNAcn. Carnitines are a group of compounds that play a critical role in energy production. We quantified the associations of plasma L-carnitine levels with leukocyte mtDNAcn. We then examined the association between mtDNAcn and L-carnitine (HMDB0000062) in 538 U.S. men without cancers, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease at blood collection from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS). We found a significant inverse association between L-carnitine and mtDNAcn (ρ = −0.1, P = 0.02). This implies that the carnitine metabolic pathway may be associated with mitochondrial function and oxidative stress.Item Association of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid intake with leukocyte telomere length in US males(Elsevier, 2022-12) Seo, Bojung; Yang, Keming; Kahe, Ka; Qureshi, Abrar A.; Chan, Andrew T.; De Vivo, Immaculata; Cho, Eunyoung; Giovannucci, Edward L.; Nan, Hongmei; Community and Global Health, School of Public HealthBackground Omega-3 (n–3) and omega-6 (n–6) fatty acids may contribute to oxidative stress and inflammation, which are related to telomere shortening. Evidence supporting an association between intake of n–3 or n–6 fatty acids and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in males has been limited. Objectives We conducted a cross-sectional study to examine the associations of total or individual n–3 or total n–6 fatty acid intake with LTL in US males. Methods We included 2,494 US males with LTL measurement from 4 nested case–control studies within the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. Individuals with previous histories of cancers, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases at or before blood collection were excluded. Blood collection was performed between 1993 and 1995, and relevant information including n–3 and n–6 intake was collected in 1994 by questionnaire. The LTL was log-transformed and Z scores of the LTL were calculated for statistical analyses by standardizing the LTL in comparison with the mean within each selected nested case–control study. Results We found that consumption of DHA (22:6n–3) was positively associated with LTL. In the multivariable-adjusted model, compared with individuals who had the lowest intake of DHA (i.e., first quartile group), the percentage differences (95% CIs) of LTL were −3.7 (−13.7, 7.5), 7.0 (−4.3, 19.7), and 8.2 (−3.5, 21.3) for individuals in the second, third, and fourth quartiles of consumption, respectively (P-trend = 0.0498). We did not find significant associations between total n–3 or total n–6 fatty acid intakes and LTL. In addition, we found that males who consumed canned tuna had longer LTL than those who did not; in the multivariable-adjusted model, the percentage difference of LTL was 10.5 (95% CI: 1.3, 20.4) (P = 0.02). Conclusions Our results suggest that higher intakes of DHA and canned tuna consumption are associated with longer LTL.Item Association of sun-seeking behaviors with indoor tanning behavior in US white females during high school/college in Nurses' Health Study II(Springer Nature, 2024-01-11) Seo, Bojung; Yang, Sheng; Cho, Eunyoung; Qureshi, Abrar A.; Han, Jiali; Epidemiology, School of Public HealthBackground: Frequent exposure to ultraviolet light has more detrimental and longer-term effects on the skin in early life than in adulthood. Teenagers with strong sun-seeking behaviors may be more likely to use an indoor tanning bed than those who seek less sun. We aimed to examine associations between sun-seeking behaviors and indoor tanning behavior during high school/college in US females. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we used data from The Nurses' Health Study II, a large prospective cohort of US female nurses. We included a total of 81,746 white females who provided responses on the average annual frequency of indoor tanning during high school/college. Our study exposures were number of times/week spent outdoors in a swimsuit and percentage of time wearing sunscreen at the pool/beach as a teenager, weekly hours spent outdoors in direct sunlight during the daytime during high school/college, and number of severe sunburns that blistered between ages 15-20 years. The main outcome was annual frequency of indoor tanning bed usage during high school/college. Results: In multivariable-adjusted logistic regression, we demonstrated positive associations between sun-seeking behaviors and indoor tanning use. Specifically, teenagers who spent 7 times/week outdoors in a swimsuit (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 95% confidence interval [CI] for daily vs. <1/week: 2.68, 1.76-4.09) were more likely to use indoor tanning beds ≥ 12 times/year. Teenagers with ≥ 10 sunburns (aOR, 95% CI for ≥ 10 vs. never: 2.18, 1.53-3.10) were more likely to use indoor tanning beds ≥ 12 times/year. Also, teenagers/undergraduates who spent ≥ 5 h/week outdoors in direct sunlight (aOR, 95% CI for ≥ 5 h/week vs. <1 h/week: 2.18, 1.39-3.44) were more likely to use indoor tanning ≥ 12 times/year. However, there was not a significant association between average usage of sunscreen at the pool/beach and average usage of indoor tanning beds. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models also showed similar results. Conclusions: Teenagers who spent more time outdoors in a swimsuit/direct sunlight or got more sunburns tended to use indoor tanning more frequently. These findings provide evidence that teenagers with stronger sun-seeking behaviors may have more exposure to artificial ultraviolet radiation as well.Item Caffeine Intake, Coffee Consumption, and Risk of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma(Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer) - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2015-11) Wu, Shaowei; Han, Jiali; Song, Fengju; Cho, Eunyoung; Gao, Xiang; Hunter, David J.; Qureshi, Abrar A.; Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public HealthBACKGROUND: Caffeine has been shown to prevent ultraviolet radiation-induced carcinogenesis and to inhibit growth of melanoma cells in experimental studies. We evaluated the association among caffeine intake, coffee consumption, and melanoma risk among three large cohort studies. METHODS: The analysis used data from 89,220 women in the Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2009), 74,666 women in the Nurses' Health Study (1980-2008), and 39,424 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2008). We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of melanoma associated with dietary intakes. RESULTS: We documented 2,254 melanoma cases over 4 million person-years of follow-up. After adjustment for other risk factors, higher total caffeine intake was associated with a lower risk of melanoma (≥393 mg/day vs. <60 mg/day: HR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.64, 0.96; Ptrend = 0.048). The association was more apparent in women (≥393 mg/day vs. <60 mg/day: HR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.58, 0.85; Ptrend = 0.001) than in men (HR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.75, 1.2; Ptrend = 0.81), and more apparent for melanomas occurring on body sites with higher continuous sun exposure (head, neck, and extremities; ≥393 mg/day vs. <60 mg/day: HR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.59, 0.86; Ptrend = 0.001) than for melanomas occurring on body sites with lower continuous sun exposure (trunk including shoulder, back, hip, abdomen, and chest; HR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.70, 1.2; Ptrend = 0.60). This pattern of association was similar to that for caffeinated coffee consumption, whereas no association was found for decaffeinated coffee consumption and melanoma risk. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing caffeine intake and caffeinated coffee consumption is associated with decreased risk of cutaneous malignant melanomas.Item Citrus Consumption and Risk of Basal Cell Carcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin(Oxford, 2015-10) Wu, Shaowei; Cho, Eunyoung; Feskanich, Diane; Li, Wen-Qing; Sun, Qi; Han, Jiali; Qureshi, Abrar A.; Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public HealthAnimal experiments have demonstrated the photocarcinogenic properties of furocoumarins, a group of naturally occurring chemicals that are rich in citrus products. We conducted a prospective study for citrus consumption and risk of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin based on data from 41530 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986–2010) and 63759 women in the Nurses’ Health Study (1984–2010) who were free of cancers at baseline. Over 24–26 years of follow-up, we documented 20840 incident BCCs and 3544 incident SCCs. Compared to those who consumed citrus products less than twice per week, the pooled multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios were 1.03 [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.99–1.08] for BCC and 1.14 (95% CI: 1.00–1.30) for SCC for those who consumed two to four times per week, 1.06 (95% CI: 1.01–1.11) for BCC and 1.15 (95% CI: 1.02–1.28) for SCC for five to six times per week, 1.11 (95% CI: 1.06–1.16) for BCC and 1.22 (95% CI: 1.08–1.37) for SCC for once to 1.4 times per day and 1.16 (95% CI: 1.09–1.23) for BCC and 1.21 (95% Cl: 1.06–1.38) for SCC for 1.5 times per day or more (P trend = 0.001 for BCC and 0.04 for SCC). In contrast, consumption of non-citrus fruit and juice appeared to be inversely associated with risk of BCC and SCC. Our findings support positive associations between citrus consumption and risk of cutaneous BCC and SCC in two cohorts of men and women, and call for further investigations to better understand the potential photocarcinogenesis associated with dietary intakes.Item Citrus Consumption and Risk of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma in the Women’s Health Initiative(Routledge, 2020) Melough, Melissa M.; Wu, Shaowei; Li, Wen-Qing; Eaton, Charles; Nan, Hongmei; Snetselaar, Linda; Wallace, Robert; Qureshi, Abrar A.; Chun, Ock K.; Cho, Eunyoung; Epidemiology, School of Public HealthCitrus products are rich sources of furocoumarins, a class of photoactive compounds. Certain furocoumarins combined with ultraviolet radiation can induce skin cancer. We examined the relationship between citrus consumption and cutaneous melanoma risk among 56,205 Caucasian postmenopausal women in the Women’s Health Initiative. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of melanoma by citrus intake level. During a mean follow-up of 15.7 years, 956 incident melanoma cases were documented. In multivariable adjusted models, the HR (95% CI) for melanoma was 1.12 (0.91, 1.37) among the highest citrus consumers (1.5+ servings/day of fruit or juice) versus the lowest (<2 servings/week), 0.95 (0.76, 1.20) among the highest citrus fruit consumers (5+ servings/week) versus non-consumers, and was 1.13 (0.96, 1.32) for the highest citrus juice consumers (1+ servings/day) versus the lowest (<1 serving/week). In stratified analyses, an increased melanoma risk associated with citrus juice intake was observed among women who spent the most time outdoors in summer as adults; the HR for the highest versus lowest intake was 1.22 (1.02, 1.46) (p-trend = 0.03). Further research is needed to explore the association of melanoma with citrus juices among women with high sun exposure.Item Genetic variants of EML1 and HIST1H4E in myeloid cell-related pathway genes independently predict cutaneous melanoma-specific survival(e-Century Publishing, 2021-06-15) He, Yuanmin; Liu, Hongliang; Luo, Sheng; Amos, Christopher I.; Lee, Jeffrey E.; Yang, Keming; Qureshi, Abrar A.; Han, Jiali; Wei, Qingyi; Epidemiology, School of Public HealthBoth in vivo and in vitro evidence has supported a key role of myeloid cells in immune suppression in melanoma and in promoting melanocytic metastases. Some single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been shown to predict cutaneous melanoma-specific survival (CMSS), but the association between genetic variation in myeloid cell-related genes and cutaneous melanoma (CM) patient survival remains unknown. Methods: we investigated associations between SNPs in myeloid cell-related pathway genes and CMSS in a discovery dataset of 850 CM patients and replicated the findings in another dataset of 409 CM patients. Results: we identified two SNPs (EML1 rs10151787 A>G and HIST1H4E rs2069018 T>C) as independent prognostic factors for CMSS, with adjusted allelic hazards ratios of 1.56 (95% confidence interval =1.19-2.05, P=0.001) and 1.66 (1.22-2.26, P=0.001), respectively; so were their combined unfavorable alleles in a dose-response manner in both discovery and replication datasets (P trend<0.001 and 0.002, respectively). Additional functional analysis revealed that both EML1 rs10151787 G and HIST1H4E rs2069018 C alleles were associated with elevated mRNA expression levels in normal tissues. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that EML1 rs10151787 A>G and HIST1H4E rs2069018 T>C are independent prognostic biomarkers for CMSS.Item Genome-wide association study identifies 14 novel risk alleles associated with basal cell carcinoma(SpringerNature, 2016-08-19) Chahal, Harvind S.; Wu, Wenting; Ransohoff, Katherine J.; Yang, Lingyao; Hedlin, Haley; Desai, Manisha; Lin, Yuan; Dai, Hong-Ji; Qureshi, Abrar A.; Li, Wen-Qing; Kraft, Peter; Hinds, David A.; Tang, Jean Y.; Han, Jiali; Sarin, Kavita Y.; Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public HealthBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common cancer worldwide with an annual incidence of 2.8 million cases in the United States alone. Previous studies have demonstrated an association between 21 distinct genetic loci and BCC risk. Here, we report the results of a two-stage genome-wide association study of BCC, totalling 17,187 cases and 287,054 controls. We confirm 17 previously reported loci and identify 14 new susceptibility loci reaching genome-wide significance (P<5 × 10(-8), logistic regression). These newly associated SNPs lie within predicted keratinocyte regulatory elements and in expression quantitative trait loci; furthermore, we identify candidate genes and non-coding RNAs involved in telomere maintenance, immune regulation and tumour progression, providing deeper insight into the pathogenesis of BCC.Item Genome-wide association study identifies novel susceptibility loci for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma(SpringerNature, 2016-07-18) Chahal, Harvind S.; Lin, Yuan; Ransohoff, Katherine J.; Hinds, David A.; Wu, Wenting; Dai, Hong-Ji; Qureshi, Abrar A.; Li, Wen-Qing; Kraft, Peter; Tang, Jean Y.; Han, Jiali; Sarin, Kavita Y.; Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public HealthCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma represents the second most common cutaneous malignancy, affecting 7-11% of Caucasians in the United States. The genetic determinants of susceptibility to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma remain largely unknown. Here we report the results of a two-stage genome-wide association study of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, totalling 7,404 cases and 292,076 controls. Eleven loci reached genome-wide significance (P<5 × 10(-8)) including seven previously confirmed pigmentation-related loci: MC1R, ASIP, TYR, SLC45A2, OCA2, IRF4 and BNC2. We identify an additional four susceptibility loci: 11q23.3 CADM1, a metastasis suppressor gene involved in modifying tumour interaction with cell-mediated immunity; 2p22.3; 7p21.1 AHR, the dioxin receptor involved in anti-apoptotic pathways and melanoma progression; and 9q34.3 SEC16A, a putative oncogene with roles in secretion and cellular proliferation. These susceptibility loci provide deeper insight into the pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma.Item Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies multiple novel associations and ethnic heterogeneity of psoriasis susceptibility(Nature Publishing Group, 2015-04-23) Yin, Xianyong; Low, Hui Qi; Wang, Ling; Li, Yonghong; Ellinghaus, Eva; Han, Jiali; Estivill, Xavier; Sun, Liangdan; Zuo, Xianbo; Shen, Changbing; Zhu, Caihong; Zhang, Anping; Sanchez, Fabio; Padyukov, Leonid; Catanese, Joseph J.; Krueger, Gerald G.; Duffin, Kristina Callis; Mucha, Sören; Weichenthal, Michael; Weidinger, Stephan; Lieb, Wolfgang; Foo, Jia Nee; Li, Yi; Sim, Karseng; Liany, Herty; Irwan, Ishak; Teo, Yikying; Theng, Colin T. S.; Gupta, Rashmi; Bowcock, Anne; De Jager, Philip L.; Qureshi, Abrar A.; de Bakker, Paul I. W.; Seielstad, Mark; Liao, Wilson; Ståhle, Mona; Franke, Andre; Zhang, Xuejun; Liu, Jianjun; Department of Dermatology, IU School of MedicinePsoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease with complex genetics and different degrees of prevalence across ethnic populations. Here we present the largest trans-ethnic genome-wide meta-analysis (GWMA) of psoriasis in 15,369 cases and 19,517 controls of Caucasian and Chinese ancestries. We identify four novel associations at LOC144817, COG6, RUNX1 and TP63, as well as three novel secondary associations within IFIH1 and IL12B. Fine-mapping analysis of MHC region demonstrates an important role for all three HLA class I genes and a complex and heterogeneous pattern of HLA associations between Caucasian and Chinese populations. Further, trans-ethnic comparison suggests population-specific effect or allelic heterogeneity for 11 loci. These population-specific effects contribute significantly to the ethnic diversity of psoriasis prevalence. This study not only provides novel biological insights into the involvement of immune and keratinocyte development mechanism, but also demonstrates a complex and heterogeneous genetic architecture of psoriasis susceptibility across ethnic populations.