Browsing by Author "Mermin, Jonathan"

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    HIV Infection Linked to Injection Use of Oxymorphone in Indiana, 2014-2015
    (New England Journal of Medicine, 2016-07-21) Peters, Philip J.; Pontones, Pamela; Hoover, Karen W.; Patel, Monita R.; Galang, Romeo R.; Shields, Jessica; Blosser, Sara J.; Spiller, Michael W.; Combs, Brittany; Switzer, William M.; Conrad, Caitlin; Gentry, Jessica; Khudyakov, Yury; Waterhouse, Dorothy; Owen, S. Michele; Chapman, Erika; Roseberry, Jeremy C.; McCants, Veronica; Weidle, Paul J.; Broz, Dita; Samandari, Taraz; Mermin, Jonathan; Walthall, Jennifer; Brooks, John T.; Duwve, Joan M.; Indiana HIV Outbreak Investigation Team; Department of Health Policy and Management, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health
    BACKGROUND: In January 2015, a total of 11 new diagnoses of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection were reported in a small community in Indiana. We investigated the extent and cause of the outbreak and implemented control measures. METHODS: We identified an outbreak-related case as laboratory-confirmed HIV infection newly diagnosed after October 1, 2014, in a person who either resided in Scott County, Indiana, or was named by another case patient as a syringe-sharing or sexual partner. HIV polymerase (pol) sequences from case patients were phylogenetically analyzed, and potential risk factors associated with HIV infection were ascertained. RESULTS: From November 18, 2014, to November 1, 2015, HIV infection was diagnosed in 181 case patients. Most of these patients (87.8%) reported having injected the extended-release formulation of the prescription opioid oxymorphone, and 92.3% were coinfected with hepatitis C virus. Among 159 case patients who had an HIV type 1 pol gene sequence, 157 (98.7%) had sequences that were highly related, as determined by phylogenetic analyses. Contact tracing investigations led to the identification of 536 persons who were named as contacts of case patients; 468 of these contacts (87.3%) were located, assessed for risk, tested for HIV, and, if infected, linked to care. The number of times a contact was named as a syringe-sharing partner by a case patient was significantly associated with the risk of HIV infection (adjusted risk ratio for each time named, 1.9; P<0.001). In response to this outbreak, a public health emergency was declared on March 26, 2015, and a syringe-service program in Indiana was established for the first time. CONCLUSIONS: Injection-drug use of extended-release oxymorphone within a network of persons who inject drugs in Indiana led to the introduction and rapid transmission of HIV. (Funded by the state government of Indiana and others.).
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    Reduced Risk for Mpox After Receipt of 1 or 2 Doses of JYNNEOS Vaccine Compared with Risk Among Unvaccinated Persons — 43 U.S. Jurisdictions, July 31–October 1, 2022
    (Center for Disease Control, 2022) Payne, Amanda B.; Ray, Logan C.; Cole, Matthew M.; Canning, Michelle; Houck, Kennedy; Shah, Hazel J.; Farrar, Jennifer L.; Lewis, Nathaniel M.; Fothergill, Amy; White, Elizabeth B.; Feldstein, Leora R.; Roper, Lauren E.; Lee, Florence; Kriss, Jennifer L.; Sims, Emily; Spicknall, Ian H.; Nakazawa, Yoshinori; Gundlapalli, Adi V.; Shimabukuro, Tom; Cohen, Adam L.; Honein, Margaret A.; Mermin, Jonathan; Payne, Daniel C.; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
    What is already known about this topic? Real-world data on the magnitude and durability of protection by JYNNEOS vaccine against monkeypox (mpox) remain limited. What is added by this report? Among JYNNEOS vaccine-eligible men aged 18–49 years in 43 U.S. jurisdictions, mpox incidence among unvaccinated persons was 9.6 times as high as that among persons who had received 2 vaccine doses and 7.4 times as high as that among persons who had received only the first dose. Preliminary evidence indicates no difference in protection between subcutaneous and intradermal administration routes. What are the implications for public health practice? Although further study is needed to determine the magnitude and durability of protection, evidence indicates that JYNNEOS vaccination provides protection against mpox. Vaccine-eligible persons should complete the 2-dose vaccination series.