Browsing by Author "McCart, Michael R."

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Predictors of Substance Use in a Clinical Sample of Youth Seeking Treatment for Trauma-Related Mental Health Problems
    (Elsevier, 2021) Adams, Zachary W.; Hahn, Austin M.; McCart, Michael R.; Chapman, Jason E.; Sheidow, Ashli J.; Walker, Jesse; de Arellano, Michael; Kmett Danielson, Carla; Psychiatry, School of Medicine
    Child maltreatment and traumatic events are well established risk factors for adolescent substance use problems, but little is known about the unique contributions of etiological factors on trauma-exposed youths' pre-treatment substance use in clinical settings. This study examined associations between substance use and risk and protective factors measured across multiple ecological levels among a unique sample of youth seeking treatment for trauma-related mental health problems in child advocacy centers. Participants were adolescents (N = 135; 85% female; 60% white, 31% black) aged 13-17 years (M = 15.4) with ≥ 1 experience of child maltreatment or other interpersonal violence, current substance use, and ≥5 PTSD symptoms. Youth and caregivers completed validated questionnaires and clinical interviews at a pre-treatment assessment in a randomized controlled trial of a treatment for co-occurring traumatic stress and substance use. Negative binomial regression models identified different patterns of risk and protective factors for alcohol and cannabis. Clinical implications of these results are discussed, including the potential targets for integrated psychotherapies that address co-occurring substance use and traumatic stress in youth.
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    Psychiatric Problems and Trauma Exposure in Non-detained Delinquent and Non-delinquent Adolescents
    (Taylor & Francis, 2013) Adams, Zachary W.; McCart, Michael R.; Zajac, Kristyn; Danielson, Carla Kmett; Sawyer, Genelle K.; Saunders, Benjamin E.; Kilpatrick, Dean G.; Psychiatry, School of Medicine
    Objective: This study examined the prevalence of and associations between specific psychiatric disorders, substance use problems, and trauma exposure in a sample of delinquent and non-delinquent adolescents. Method: A nationally representative sample of adolescents (n = 3,614; mean age = 14.5 years, SD = 1.7; 51% male; 71% White, non-Hispanic, 13.3% African American, non-Hispanic, 10.7% Hispanic) was interviewed via telephone about engagement in delinquent acts and their experience of posttraumatic stress disorder, major depressive episode, substance use, interpersonal violence, and other forms of trauma exposure. Results: Delinquent adolescents were more likely than non-delinquent adolescents to experience trauma; they were also more likely to report past-year posttraumatic stress disorder, major depressive episode, alcohol abuse, and non-experimental drug use. After accounting for the effects of demographics and trauma exposure, delinquency was associated with increased likelihood of posttraumatic stress disorder and problematic substance use in both genders and increased likelihood of major depressive episode in girls. Conclusions: Findings highlight substantial overlap among delinquency, trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder, and major depressive episode in adolescents and the need for interventions that address these varied clinical problems. Future work should examine the factors underlying the development of these relations over time.
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    Risk reduction through family therapy (RRFT): Protocol of a randomized controlled efficacy trial of an integrative treatment for co-occurring substance use problems and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in adolescents who have experienced interpersonal violence and other traumatic events
    (Elsevier, 2020) Hahn, Austin M.; Adams, Zachary W.; Chapman, Jason; McCart, Michael R.; Sheidow, Ashli J.; de Arellano, Michael A.; Danielson, Carla Kmett; Psychiatry, School of Medicine
    Decades of research demonstrate that childhood exposure to traumatic events, particularly interpersonal violence experiences (IPV; sexual abuse, physical abuse, witnessing violence), increases risk for negative behavioral and emotional outcomes, including substance use problems (SUP) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite this well-established link—including empirical support for shared etiological and functional connections between SUP and PTSD –the field has been void of a gold standard treatment for adolescent populations. To address this gap, our team recently completed a large randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of Risk Reduction through Family Therapy (RRFT), an integrative and exposure-based risk-reduction and treatment approach for adolescents who have experienced IPV and other traumatic events. The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed description of the design and methods of this RCT designed to reduce SUP, PTSD symptoms, and related risk behaviors, with outcomes measured from pre-treatment through 18 months post-entry. Specifically, the recruitment and sampling procedures, assessment measures and methods, description of the intervention, and planned statistical approaches to evaluating the full range of outcomes are detailed. Clinical and research implications of this work are also discussed.
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    Safety and Efficacy of Exposure-Based Risk Reduction Through Family Therapy for Co-occurring Substance Use Problems and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Adolescents
    (JAMA, 2020-06-01) Kmett Danielson, Carla; Adams, Zachary; McCart, Michael R.; Chapman, Jason E.; Sheidow, Ashli J.; Walker, Jesse; Smalling, Anna; de Arellano, Michael A.; Psychiatry, School of Medicine
    Importance: No empirically supported treatments have been evaluated to address co-occurring substance use problems (SUP) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among adolescents in an integrative fashion. This lack is partially owing to untested clinical lore suggesting that delivery of exposure-based PTSD treatments to youth with SUP might be iatrogenic. Objective: To determine whether an exposure-based, integrative intervention for adolescents with SUP and PTSD symptoms-risk reduction through family therapy (RRFT)-resulted in improved outcomes relative to a treatment-as-usual (TAU) control condition consisting primarily of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy. Design, setting, and participants: This randomized clinical trial enrolled 124 participants who were recruited from November 1, 2012, through January 30, 2017. Adolescents (aged 13-18 years) who engaged in nontobacco substance use at least once during the past 90 days, experienced at least 1 interpersonal traumatic event, and reported 5 or more PTSD symptoms were enrolled. Blinded assessments were collected at baseline and at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months after baseline. Recruitment and treatment took place in community-based child advocacy centers in the Southeastern United States. Data were analyzed from August 2 through October 4, 2018, and were based on intention to treat. Interventions: Participants were randomized to receive RRFT (n = 61) or TAU (n = 63). Main outcomes and measures: Primary outcomes focused on number of nontobacco substance-using days measured with the timeline follow-back method and PTSD symptom severity using the UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) PTSD Reaction Index for DSM-IV completed by adolescents and caregivers. Secondary outcomes focused on marijuana, alcohol, and polysubstance use and PTSD criterion standard (re-experiencing, avoidance, and hyperarousal) symptom severity. Results: In all, 124 adolescents (mean [SD] age, 15.4 [1.3] years; 108 female [87.1%]) were randomized. For primary outcomes relative to TAU, RRFT yielded significantly greater reductions in substance-using days from baseline to month 12 (event rate [ER], 0.28; 95% CI, 0.12-0.65) and month 18 (ER, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.04-0.24). Significant reductions in PTSD symptoms were observed within groups for RRFT from baseline to months 3 (β = -9.25; 95% CI, -12.95 to -5.55), 6 (β = -16.63; 95% CI = -20.40 to -12.87), 12 (β = -17.51; 95% CI, -21.62 to -13.40), and 18 (β = -19.02; 95% CI, -23.07 to -14.96) and for TAU from baseline to months 3 (β = -9.62; 95% CI, -13.16 to -6.08), 6 (β = -13.73; 95% CI, -17.43 to -10.03), 12 (β = -15.53; 95% CI, -19.52 to -11.55), and 18 (β = -13.88; 95% CI, -17.69 to -10.09); however, between-group differences were not observed. Conclusions and relevance: In this study, RRFT and TAU demonstrated within-group improvements in SUP and PTSD symptoms, with greater improvement for substance use and PTSD avoidance and hyperarousal symptoms among adolescents randomized to RRFT compared with TAU. No evidence of the worsening of SUP was observed in either condition. These results suggest that this exposure-based treatment is safe, feasibly delivered by community-based clinicians, and offers an effective approach to inform clinical practice.
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    Sexual Risk Behavior among Adolescents Seeking Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Exploring Psychosocial & Symptom Correlates
    (Springer, 2021-08-11) Banks, Devin E.; Hahn, Austin M.; Goodrum, Nada M.; Bernard, Donte L.; Adams, Zachary W.; McCart, Michael R.; Chapman, Jason; Sheidow, Ashli J.; de Arellano, Michael A.; Kmett Danielson, Carla; Psychiatry, School of Medicine
    Adolescents exposed to trauma experience disproportionate rates of HIV/STI. However, integrated treatment for trauma and sexual risk behavior is rare. To inform integrated prevention efforts, the current study describes prevalence and correlates of sexual risk behavior among adolescents seeking treatment for symptoms of posttraumatic stress and substance use disorders. Adolescents aged 13–18 years (N = 135; 88% female) with histories of interpersonal violence exposure completed pre-treatment questionnaires in a randomized controlled trial of an integrated psychotherapy for trauma and substance use symptomology. Adolescents reported high rates of sexual risk behaviors relative to national estimates and general mental health treatment samples. Symptoms of reexperiencing, substance use, and peer deviance were related to sexual risk behavior beyond the influence of other trauma symptoms. Individual and contextual psychosocial factors may be stronger predictors of sexual risk behavior than posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among adolescents with trauma symptomology. Integrated interventions targeting traumatic stress, substance use, and sexual risk behavior concurrently may prevent revictimization and HIV/STI incidence among trauma-exposed youth.