Browsing by Author "Johnson-Greene, Douglas"

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    Predictive utility of an adapted Marshall head CT classification scheme after traumatic brain injury
    (Taylor & Francis, 2019-01-19) Brown, Allen W.; Pretz, Christopher R.; Bell, Kathleen R.; Hammond, Flora M.; Arciniegas, David B.; Bodien, Yelena G.; Dams-O’Connor, Kristen; Giacino, Joseph T.; Hart, Tessa; Johnson-Greene, Douglas; Kowalski, Robert G.; Walker, William C.; Weintraub, Alan; Zafonte, Ross; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine
    Objective: To study the predictive relationship among persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) between an objective indicator of injury severity (the adapted Marshall computed tomography [CT] classification scheme) and clinical indicators of injury severity in the acute phase, functional outcomes at inpatient rehabilitation discharge, and functional and participation outcomes at 1 year after injury, including death.Participants: The sample involved 4895 individuals who received inpatient rehabilitation following acute hospitalization for TBI and were enrolled in the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems National Database between 1989 and 2014.Design: Head CT variables for each person were fit into adapted Marshall CT classification categories I through IV.Main Measures: Prediction models were developed to determine the amount of variability explained by the CT classification categories compared with commonly used predictors, including a clinical indicator of injury severity.Results: The adapted Marshall classification categories aided only in the prediction of craniotomy or craniectomy during acute hospitalization, otherwise making no meaningful contribution to variance in the multivariable models predicting outcomes at any time point after injury.Conclusion: Results suggest that head CT findings classified in this manner do not inform clinical discussions related to functional prognosis or rehabilitation planning after TBI.
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    Race/Ethnicity and Retention in Traumatic Brain Injury Outcomes Research: A Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems National Database Study
    (Wolters Kluwer, 2018) Sander, Angelle M.; Lequerica, Anthony H.; Ketchum, Jessica M.; Hammond, Flora M.; Gary, Kelli Williams; Pappadis, Monique R.; Felix, Elizabeth R.; Johnson-Greene, Douglas; Bushnik, Tamara; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine
    Objective: To investigate the contribution of race/ethnicity to retention in traumatic brain injury (TBI) research at 1 to 2 years post-injury. Setting: Community. Participants: 5548 Whites, 1347 Blacks, and 790 Hispanics enrolled in the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems National Database with dates of injury between October 1, 2002 and March 31, 2013. Design: Retrospective database analysis. Main Measure: Retention, defined as completion of at least one question on the follow-up interview by the person with TBI or a proxy. Results: Retention rates 1-2 years post-TBI were significantly lower for Hispanic (85.2%) than for White (91.8%) or Black participants (90.5%) and depended significantly on history of problem drug or alcohol use. Other variables associated with low retention included older age, lower education, violent cause of injury, and discharge to an institution versus private residence. Conclusions: The findings emphasize the importance of investigating retention rates separately for Blacks and Hispanics rather than combining them or grouping either with other races or ethnicities. The results also suggest the need for implementing procedures to increase retention of Hispanics in longitudinal TBI research