Browsing by Author "Gilmore, Amanda K."

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    Associations among Impulsivity, Trauma History, and Alcohol Misuse within a Young Adult Sample
    (Elsevier, 2017) Bountress, Kaitlin E.; Adams, Zachary W.; Gilmore, Amanda K.; Amstadter, Ananda B.; Thomas, Suzanne; Danielson, Carla Kmett; Psychiatry, School of Medicine
    Objective: Young adult alcohol misuse is associated with numerous long-term adverse outcomes. Given the link between impulsivity and alcohol use, we examined whether three impulsivity-related traits differentially predicted number of drinks per drinking day (DDD). We also examined whether these effects varied for those with different trauma histories. Method: The current study (n=254) examined motor, non-planning, and attentional impulsivity as predictors of DDD. It also examined whether impulsivity was differentially predictive of DDD across individuals in: a control group (non-trauma exposed), a trauma exposed but non-PTSD group, and a PTSD group. Results: Regardless of group, more motor impulsivity was associated with more DDD. The effect of non-planning impulsivity varied according to trauma history. Specifically, more non-planning impulsivity predicted more DDD for those without PTSD. Finally, attentional impulsivity was not predictive of DDD. Conclusions: Young adults with high levels of motor impulsivity, regardless of trauma history, may be a particularly high-risk group in terms of propensity for alcohol use/misuse. Additionally, high levels of non-planning impulsivity may signify those at greater risk for alcohol misuse, among those without PTSD. Motor impulsivity and non-planning impulsivity may serve as useful intervention targets in alcohol misuse prevention efforts. Implications for future research in this area are discussed.
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    Depressive Symptoms following Recent Sexual Assault: The Role of Drug and Alcohol Use, Acute Stress, and Assault Characteristics
    (SAGE Publications, 2018-10-24) Dir, Allyson L.; Hahn, Christine; Jaffe, Anna E.; Stanton, Kimberly; Gilmore, Amanda K.; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
    Sexual assault is a common traumatic experience that can have a wide-ranging impact on psychological functioning, including experience of depressive symptoms. While many studies have examined lifetime rates of depression among those with sexual assault history, less is known regarding risk factors for depressive symptoms following recent sexual assault. The study examined whether drug use history is uniquely related to depressive symptoms following recent assault. Method: N = 65 individuals (5.4% female; 73.8% white; M(SD)age = 28.89 (10.29)) who had recently experienced sexual assault (less than 60 days) and completed a SAMFE were interviewed via phone and completed questionnaires regarding depressive and acute/posttraumatic stress symptoms and substance use history. Demographic information as well as information related to the assault was also collected. Results: 68.7% of the sample reported clinically significant levels of depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 scores ≥ 12). In a linear mixed model, drug use was significantly related depressive symptoms (β = .19, p = .04), even controlling for acute/posttraumatic stress (β = .72, p < .01) and other variables. Individuals who identified as white reported more severe depressive symptoms (β = .19, p = .02). Forced sexual assault (β = −.07), victim-perpetrator relationship (β = −.01), alcohol misuse (β = −.06), and days since assault (β = −.08) were not significantly related to depressive symptoms (p’s>.05). Conclusion: Results highlight the potential role of drug use in increasing risk for experiencing clinically significant depressive symptoms following recent assault.
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    Depressive symptoms, avoidant coping, and alcohol use: differences based on gender and posttraumatic stress disorder in emerging adults
    (Springer, 2024) Danielson, Carla Kmett; Hahn, Austin M.; Bountress, Kaitlin E.; Gilmore, Amanda K.; Roos, Lydia; Adams, Zachary W.; Kirby, Charli M.; Amstadter, Ananda B.; Psychiatry, School of Medicine
    Trauma exposure and alcohol use often co-occur. Unveiling predictors of drinking behavior, including among those with varying levels of trauma exposure, can inform behavioral health prevention and treatment efforts in at-risk populations. The current study examined associations between depressive symptoms, avoidant coping, gender, and alcohol use among emerging adults with and without trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Participants were 238 emerging adults between the ages of 21 and 30 years (M = 24.75; SD = 2.61) in one of three groups: trauma-exposed with PTSD (n = 70); trauma-exposed with no PTSD (n = 83); or a no trauma (control) group (n = 85). Demographics, parental alcohol problems, depressive symptoms, and avoidant coping were examined as predictors of drinks per drinking day. Chi-square, t-test, bivariate, and group path analysis were conducted. Among participants, men consumed greater amounts of alcohol than women across all three groups. Group assignment based on trauma history and PTSD significantly moderated the association between avoidant coping and alcohol use such that avoidant coping had a significant effect on alcohol use among participants in the trauma-exposed and PTSD groups. There was also a significant group × gender × avoidant coping interaction such that, among participants in the control group, men had attenuated alcohol use at low levels of avoidant coping and increased at high levels of avoidant coping. No effects of race were observed. Results highlight the importance of avoidant coping as a risk factor for problematic drinking, unveiling a specific intervention target for reducing co-occurring PTSD and problematic alcohol use.
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    The Role of Sex-Related Alcohol Expectancies in Alcohol-Involved Consensual and Nonconsensual Sex Among Women of Asian/Pacific Islander and Women of European Race/Ethnicity
    (Taylor & Francis, 2018-09) Dier, Allyson L.; Andrews III, Arthur R.; Wilson, Sarah M.; Davidson, Tatiana M.; Gilmore, Amanda K.; Family Medicine, School of Medicine
    Alcohol-involved sexual experiences, including incapacitated sexual assault and alcohol-involved sex, are major public health concerns among college women. Further, racial/ethnic diversity among college students is increasing, particularly with regard to increases in college students of Asian/Pacific Islander (API) race/ethnicity. Of relevance, evidence suggests differences in sexual assault rates across ethnicities and cultures; however, no known study to date has examined differences by ethnicity and first language in expectancies and experiences specifically surrounding alcohol and sex. The current study sought to examine differences in incapacitated sexual assault, alcohol-involved sex, and heavy episodic drinking, as well as differences in sex-related alcohol expectancies among native English-speaking college women of European (EU) race/ethnicity, native English-speaking women of API race/ethnicity, and non-native English-speaking women of API race/ethnicity (NNES-API). EU reported higher frequency of heavy episodic drinking, alcohol-involved sex, and incapacitated sexual assault compared to API and NNES-API. In addition, API reported more frequent alcohol-involved sex and incapacitated sexual assault compared to NNES-API, in part due to API's stronger endorsement of sexual disinhibition-related alcohol expectancies (indirect effects: β = -.04, p = .04, and β = -.07, p = .04, respectively). Findings highlight the important role of expectancies in acculturation and influence on actual alcohol-involved sex and sexual assault.