Browsing by Author "Brotherton, Julia M. L."

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    Ensuring a Successful Transition From Cytology to Human Papillomavirus-Based Primary Cervical Cancer Screening in Canada by Investigating the Psychosocial Correlates of Women's Intentions: Protocol for an Observational Study
    (JMIR, 2022-06-16) Griffin-Mathieu, Gabrielle; Haward, Ben; Tatar, Ovidiu; Zhu, Patricia; Perez, Samara; Shapiro, Gilla K.; McBride, Emily; Thompson, Erika L.; Smith, Laurie W.; Lofters, Aisha K.; Daley, Ellen M.; Guichon, Juliet R.; Waller, Jo; Steben, Marc; Decker, Kathleen M.; Mayrand, Marie-Helene; Brotherton, Julia M. L.; Ogilvie, Gina S.; Zimet, Gregory D.; Norris, Teresa; Rosberger, Zeev; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
    Background: The human papillomavirus (HPV) test has emerged as a significant improvement over cytology for primary cervical cancer screening. In Canada, provinces and territories are moving toward implementing HPV testing in cervical cancer screening programs. Although an abundance of research exists on the benefits of HPV-based screening, there is a dearth of research examining women's understanding of HPV testing. In other countries, failure to adequately address women's concerns about changes has disrupted the implementation of HPV-based screening. Objective: The aims of the multipart study described in this paper are to develop psychometrically valid measures of cervical cancer screening-related knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs; to examine the feasibility of a questionnaire examining psychosocial factors related to HPV-based screening; and to investigate psychosocial correlates of women's intentions to participate in HPV-based screening. Methods: We conducted a web-based survey (study 1) of Canadian women to assess the acceptability and feasibility of a questionnaire, including the validation of scales examining cervical cancer knowledge, HPV testing knowledge, HPV testing attitudes and beliefs, and HPV test self-sampling attitudes and beliefs. Preferences for cervical cancer screening were assessed using the best-worst scaling methodology. A second web-based survey (study 2) will be administered to a national sample of Canadian women between June 2022 and July 2022 using the validated scales. Differences in the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and preferences of women who are currently either underscreened or adequately screened for cervical cancer will be examined through bivariate analyses. Multinomial logistic regression will be used to estimate the associations between psychosocial and sociodemographic factors and intentions to undergo HPV-based screening. Results: Between October 2021 and November 2021, a total of 1230 participants completed the questionnaire in study 1, and 1027 (83.49%) responses were retained after data cleaning methods were applied. Feasibility was comparable with similar population-based surveys in terms of survey length, participant attrition, and the number of participants excluded after data cleaning. As of May 2022, analysis of study 1 is ongoing, and results are expected to be published in the summer of 2022. Data collection is expected to begin for study 2 in the summer of 2022. Results are expected to be published between late 2022 and early 2023. Conclusions: Findings will provide direction for Canadian public health authorities to align guidelines to address women's concerns and optimize the acceptability and uptake of HPV-based primary screening. Validated scales can be used by other researchers to improve and standardize the measurement of psychosocial factors affecting HPV test acceptability. Study results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journal articles; conference presentations; and direct communication with researchers, clinicians, policy makers, media, and specialty organizations.
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    Population-Level Effects of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Programs on Infections with Nonvaccine Genotypes.
    (CDC, 2016-10) Mesher, David; Soldan, Kate; Lehtinen, Matti; Beddows, Simon; Brisson, Marc; Brotherton, Julia M. L.; Chow, Eric P. F.; Cummings, Teresa; Drolet, Mélanie; Fairley, Christopher K.; Garland, Suzanne M.; Kahn, Jessica A.; Kavanagh, Kimberley; Markowitz, Lauri; Pollock, Kevin G.; Söderlund-Strand, Anna; Sonnenberg, Pam; Tabrizi, Sepehr N.; Tanton, Clare; Unger, Elizabeth; Thomas, Sara L.; Department of Pediatrics, IU School of Medicine
    After introduction of vaccination, some prevalences of nonvaccine types changed, without clear evidence for type replacement.
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    School-based HPV vaccination positively impacts parents’ attitudes toward adolescent vaccination
    (Elsevier, 2021-07) Davies, Cristyn; Stoney, Tanya; Hutton, Heidi; Parrella, Adriana; Kang, Melissa; Macartney, Kristine; Leask, Julie; McCaffery, Kirsten; Zimet, Gregory; Brotherton, Julia M. L.; Marshall, Helen S.; Skinner, S. Rachel; HPV.edu Study Group; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
    Introduction This qualitative study aimed to explore parental attitudes, knowledge and decision-making about HPV vaccination for adolescents in the context of a gender-neutral school-based Australian National Immunisation Program (NIP). Methods Semi-structured interviews with parents of adolescents eligible for HPV vaccination were undertaken as part of an evaluation of a cluster-randomised controlled trial of a complex intervention in 40 schools (2013–2015). In this qualitative study, we purposively recruited a nested sample of parents from 11 schools across two Australian jurisdictions. Interviews explored parent knowledge and understanding of the HPV vaccine program; HPV vaccination decision-making; their adolescent’s knowledge about HPV vaccination; and their adolescent’s understanding about HPV vaccination, sexual awareness and behaviour. Transcripts were analysed using inductive and deductive thematic analysis. Results Parents’ of 22 adolescents had positive attitudes towards the program; the school-based delivery platform was the key driver shaping acceptance of and decision-making about HPV vaccination. They had difficulty recalling, or did not read, HPV vaccination information sent home. Some adolescents were involved in discussions about vaccination, with parents’ responsible for ultimate vaccine decision-making. All parents supported in-school education for adolescents about HPV and HPV vaccination. Parents’ knowledge about HPV vaccination was limited to cervical cancer and was largely absent regarding vaccination in males. Conclusions Parents’ positive attitudes towards the NIP and inclusion of the HPV vaccine is central to their vaccine decision-making and acceptance. More intensive communication strategies including school education opportunities are required to improve parents’ knowledge of HPV-related disease and to promote vaccine decision-making with adolescents.
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    Understanding the Challenges of HPV-Based Cervical Screening: Development and Validation of HPV Testing and Self-Sampling Attitudes and Beliefs Scales
    (MDPI, 2023-01-15) Tatar, Ovidiu; Haward, Ben; Zhu, Patricia; Griffin-Mathieu, Gabrielle; Perez, Samara; McBride, Emily; Lofters, Aisha K.; Smith, Laurie W.; Mayrand, Marie-Hélène; Daley, Ellen M.; Brotherton, Julia M. L.; Zimet, Gregory D.; Rosberger, Zeev; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
    The disrupted introduction of the HPV-based cervical screening program in several jurisdictions has demonstrated that the attitudes and beliefs of screening-eligible persons are critically implicated in the success of program implementation (including the use of self-sampling). As no up-to-date and validated measures exist measuring attitudes and beliefs towards HPV testing and self-sampling, this study aimed to develop and validate two scales measuring these factors. In October-November 2021, cervical screening-eligible Canadians participated in a web-based survey. In total, 44 items related to HPV testing and 13 items related to HPV self-sampling attitudes and beliefs were included in the survey. For both scales, the optimal number of factors was identified using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and parallel analysis. Item Response Theory (IRT) was applied within each factor to select items. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to assess model fit. After data cleaning, 1027 responses were analyzed. The HPV Testing Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (HTABS) had four factors, and twenty-two items were retained after item reduction. The HPV Self-sampling Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (HSABS) had two factors and seven items were retained. CFA showed a good model fit for both final scales. The developed scales will be a valuable resource to examine attitudes and beliefs in anticipation of, and to evaluate, HPV test-based cervical screening.