Browsing by Author "Akinyemi, Rufus"

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    Chronic neuropsychiatric sequelae of SARS-CoV-2: Protocol and methods from the Alzheimer's Association Global Consortium
    (Alzheimer’s Association, 2022-09-22) de Erausquin, Gabriel A.; Snyder, Heather; Brugha, Traolach S.; Seshadri, Sudha; Carrillo, Maria; Sagar, Rajesh; Huang, Yueqin; Newton, Charles; Tartaglia, Carmela; Teunissen, Charlotte; Håkanson, Krister; Akinyemi, Rufus; Prasad, Kameshwar; D'Avossa, Giovanni; Gonzalez-Aleman, Gabriela; Hosseini, Akram; Vavougios, George D.; Sachdev, Perminder; Bankart, John; Ole Mors, Niels Peter; Lipton, Richard; Katz, Mindy; Fox, Peter T.; Katshu, Mohammad Zia; Iyengar, M. Sriram; Weinstein, Galit; Sohrabi, Hamid R.; Jenkins, Rachel; Stein, Dan J.; Hugon, Jacques; Mavreas, Venetsanos; Blangero, John; Cruchaga, Carlos; Krishna, Murali; Wadoo, Ovais; Becerra, Rodrigo; Zwir, Igor; Longstreth, William T.; Kroenenberg, Golo; Edison, Paul; Mukaetova-Ladinska, Elizabeta; Staufenberg, Ekkehart; Figueredo-Aguiar, Mariana; Yécora, Agustín; Vaca, Fabiana; Zamponi, Hernan P.; Lo Re, Vincenzina; Majid, Abdul; Sundarakumar, Jonas; Gonzalez, Hector M.; Geerlings, Mirjam I.; Skoog, Ingmar; Salmoiraghi, Alberto; Boneschi, Filippo Martinelli; Patel, Vibuthi N.; Santos, Juan M.; Arroyo, Guillermo Rivera; Moreno, Antonio Caballero; Felix, Pascal; Gallo, Carla; Arai, Hidenori; Yamada, Masahito; Iwatsubo, Takeshi; Sharma, Malveeka; Chakraborty, Nandini; Ferreccio, Catterina; Akena, Dickens; Brayne, Carol; Maestre, Gladys; Williams Blangero, Sarah; Brusco, Luis I.; Siddarth, Prabha; Hughes, Timothy M.; Ramírez Zuñiga, Alfredo; Kambeitz, Joseph; Laza, Agustin Ruiz; Allen, Norrina; Panos, Stella; Merrill, David; Ibáñez, Agustín; Tsuang, Debby; Valishvili, Nino; Shrestha, Srishti; Wang, Sophia; Padma, Vasantha; Anstey, Kaarin J.; Ravindrdanath, Vijayalakshmi; Blennow, Kaj; Mullins, Paul; Łojek, Emilia; Pria, Anand; Mosley, Thomas H.; Gowland, Penny; Girard, Timothy D.; Bowtell, Richard; Vahidy, Farhaan S.; Psychiatry, School of Medicine
    Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused >3.5 million deaths worldwide and affected >160 million people. At least twice as many have been infected but remained asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic. COVID-19 includes central nervous system manifestations mediated by inflammation and cerebrovascular, anoxic, and/or viral neurotoxicity mechanisms. More than one third of patients with COVID-19 develop neurologic problems during the acute phase of the illness, including loss of sense of smell or taste, seizures, and stroke. Damage or functional changes to the brain may result in chronic sequelae. The risk of incident cognitive and neuropsychiatric complications appears independent from the severity of the original pulmonary illness. It behooves the scientific and medical community to attempt to understand the molecular and/or systemic factors linking COVID-19 to neurologic illness, both short and long term. Methods: This article describes what is known so far in terms of links among COVID-19, the brain, neurological symptoms, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias. We focus on risk factors and possible molecular, inflammatory, and viral mechanisms underlying neurological injury. We also provide a comprehensive description of the Alzheimer's Association Consortium on Chronic Neuropsychiatric Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (CNS SC2) harmonized methodology to address these questions using a worldwide network of researchers and institutions. Results: Successful harmonization of designs and methods was achieved through a consensus process initially fragmented by specific interest groups (epidemiology, clinical assessments, cognitive evaluation, biomarkers, and neuroimaging). Conclusions from subcommittees were presented to the whole group and discussed extensively. Presently data collection is ongoing at 19 sites in 12 countries representing Asia, Africa, the Americas, and Europe. Discussion: The Alzheimer's Association Global Consortium harmonized methodology is proposed as a model to study long-term neurocognitive sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Key points: The following review describes what is known so far in terms of molecular and epidemiological links among COVID-19, the brain, neurological symptoms, and AD and related dementias (ADRD)The primary objective of this large-scale collaboration is to clarify the pathogenesis of ADRD and to advance our understanding of the impact of a neurotropic virus on the long-term risk of cognitive decline and other CNS sequelae. No available evidence supports the notion that cognitive impairment after SARS-CoV-2 infection is a form of dementia (ADRD or otherwise). The longitudinal methodologies espoused by the consortium are intended to provide data to answer this question as clearly as possible controlling for possible confounders. Our specific hypothesis is that SARS-CoV-2 triggers ADRD-like pathology following the extended olfactory cortical network (EOCN) in older individuals with specific genetic susceptibility. The proposed harmonization strategies and flexible study designs offer the possibility to include large samples of under-represented racial and ethnic groups, creating a rich set of harmonized cohorts for future studies of the pathophysiology, determinants, long-term consequences, and trends in cognitive aging, ADRD, and vascular disease. We provide a framework for current and future studies to be carried out within the Consortium. and offers a "green paper" to the research community with a very broad, global base of support, on tools suitable for low- and middle-income countries aimed to compare and combine future longitudinal data on the topic. The Consortium proposes a combination of design and statistical methods as a means of approaching causal inference of the COVID-19 neuropsychiatric sequelae. We expect that deep phenotyping of neuropsychiatric sequelae may provide a series of candidate syndromes with phenomenological and biological characterization that can be further explored. By generating high-quality harmonized data across sites we aim to capture both descriptive and, where possible, causal associations.
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    Vascular-brain Injury Progression after Stroke (VIPS) Study: concept for understanding racial and geographic determinants of cognitive decline after stroke
    (Elsevier, 2020) Sarfo, Fred Stephen; Akinyemi, Rufus; Howard, George; Howard, Virginia J.; Wahab, Kolawole; Cushman, Mary; Levine, Deborah A.; Ogunniyi, Adesola; Unverzagt, Fred; Owolabi, Mayowa; Ovbiagele, Bruce; Psychiatry, School of Medicine
    Cognitive impairment and dementia (CID) are major public health problems with substantial personal, social, and financial burdens. African Americans are at a heightened risk for Vascular Cognitive Impairment (VCI) compared to European Americans. Recent lines of evidence also suggest a high burden of Post-stroke VCI among indigenous Africans. A better understanding of the cause(s) of the racial disparity in CID, specifically VCI, is needed in order to develop strategies to reduce it. We propose and discuss the conceptual framework for a unique tri-population, trans-continental study titled The Vascular brain Injury Progression after Stroke (VIPS) study. The overarching objective of the VIPS Study will be to explore the interplay of multiple factors (racial, geographical, vascular, lifestyle, nutritional, psychosocial and inflammatory) influencing the level and trajectory of post-stroke cognitive outcomes and examine whether differences between indigenous Africans, African Americans and European Americans exist. We hypothesize that differences which might be due to racial factors will be observed in African Americans versus European Americans as well as Indigenous Africans versus European Americans but not in African Americans versus Indigenous Americans; differences due to geographical factors will be observed in Indigenous Americans versus African Americans and Indigenous Africans versus European Americans but not in African Americans versus European Americans. This overarching objective could be accomplished by building upon existing National Institutes of Health investments in the REasons for Geographical And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study (based in the United States of America) and the Stroke Investigative Research and educational Network (SIREN) study (based in Sub-Saharan Africa).