Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.Memish, Ziad A.2021-04-282021-04-282021Al-Tawfiq, J. A., & Memish, Z. A. (2021). The Emergence, Persistence, and Dissemination of Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria in Environmental Hajj Settings and Implications for Public Health. Tropical medicine and infectious disease, 6(1), 33. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed6010033https://hdl.handle.net/1805/25783The emergence of antimicrobial resistance is causing the loss of what was once considered the miracle cure. The transmission of antimicrobial resistance during mass gathering is a potential threat in addition to other infectious diseases. Here, we review the English language literature on the rate and the acquisition of antimicrobial resistance during the Hajj. There is a variable incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacteriaceae. There had been no report of multi-drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Continued surveillance of antimicrobial resistance coupled with public health measures are needed to decrease the rate of emergence of resistance.enAttribution 4.0 InternationalHajjmass gatheringantimicrobial resistanceArticle