Braciale, Thomas J.Sun, JieKim, Taeg S.2020-04-012020-04-012012Braciale, T. J., Sun, J., & Kim, T. S. (2012). Regulating the adaptive immune response to respiratory virus infection. Nature reviews. Immunology, 12(4), 295–305. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri3166https://hdl.handle.net/1805/22448This article is made available for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.Recent years have seen several advances in our understanding of immunity to virus infection of the lower respiratory tract, including to influenza virus infection. Here, we review the cellular targets of viruses and the features of the host immune response that are unique to the lungs. We describe the interplay between innate and adaptive immune cells in the induction, expression and control of antiviral immunity, and discuss the impact of the infected lung milieu on moulding the response of antiviral effector T cells. Recent findings on the mechanisms that underlie the increased frequency of severe pulmonary bacterial infections following respiratory virus infection are also discussed.en-USThis article is made available for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.Dendritic cellsInfectionT cellsInflammationAlveolar macrophagesRespiratory tract diseasesArticle