Gupta, Samir K.Slaven, James E.Kamendulis, Lisa M.Liu, Ziyue2016-12-152016-12-152015-10Gupta, S. K., Slaven, J. E., Kamendulis, L. M., & Liu, Z. (2015). A randomized, controlled trial of the effect of rilpivirine versus efavirenz on cardiovascular risk in healthy volunteers. The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 70(10), 2889–2893. http://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkv1950305-7453 1460-2091https://hdl.handle.net/1805/11626Objectives: The HIV NNRTI rilpivirine is being evaluated as a possible agent for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis. We have recently shown that the NNRTI efavirenz may impair endothelial function assessed as flow-mediated dilation (FMD), but whether this impairment is also found with rilpivirine is unknown. We sought to compare cardiovascular risk profiles between efavirenz and rilpivirine in healthy volunteers. Methods: We performed a prospective, randomized, open-label trial in 40 HIV-uninfected healthy volunteers who were randomized 1: 1 to either efavirenz or rilpivirine. Vascular indices, metabolic parameters, inflammatory biomarkers and oxidative stress were measured before and after 4 weeks of treatment. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01585038). Results: There were no significant differences in 4 week mean (SD) changes in FMD between efavirenz and rilpivirine [0.089 (3.65)% versus 0.63 (2.42)%; P = 0.77]. There were also no significant differences in 4 week changes in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein,en-USPublisher's PolicyAnti-HIV AgentsBenzoxazineCardiovascular SystemArticle