Zborek, KirstenDenlinger, Chadrick E.2023-10-172023-10-172023-09Zborek, K., & Denlinger, C. E. (2023). Casual Observation. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 116(3), 561–562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2023.05.005https://hdl.handle.net/1805/36416Pulmonary carcinoid tumors are a rare form of lung cancer subdivided into typical and atypical variants. Long-term outcomes after surgical resection are excellent, with 5-year survival rates approaching 85% even among patients with N2 lymph node involvement. Surgical resection of carcinoids remains the standard of care. However, in patients with diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH), a condition characterized by the presence of innumerable small pulmonary carcinoids, observing small carcinoids may be acceptable.en-USPublisher Policypulmonary carcinoid tumorsDIPNECHsmall carcinoidssurgerywedge resectionsArticle