Gradidge, Eleanor A.Grimaldi, Lisa M.Cashen, KatherineGowda, Keshava M. N.Piggott, Kurt D.Wilhelm, MichaelCostello, John M.Mastropietro, Christopher W.2020-05-292020-05-292019-06Gradidge, E. A., Grimaldi, L. M., Cashen, K., Gowda, K. M. N., Piggott, K. D., Wilhelm, M., Costello, J. M., & Mastropietro, C. W. (2019). Near-infrared spectroscopy for prediction of extubation success after neonatal cardiac surgery. Cardiology in the Young, 29(6), 787–792. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1047951119000829https://hdl.handle.net/1805/22877Introduction: Reliable predictors of extubation readiness are needed and may reduce morbidity related to extubation failure. We aimed to examine the relationship between changes in pre-extubation near-infrared spectroscopy measurements from baseline and extubation outcomes after neonatal cardiac surgery. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional multi-centre study, a secondary analysis of prospectively collected data from neonates who underwent cardiac surgery at seven tertiary-care children’s hospitals in 2015 was performed. Extubation failure was defined as need for re-intubation within 72 hours of the first planned extubation attempt. Near-infrared spectroscopy measurements obtained before surgery and before extubation in patients who failed extubation were compared to those of patients who extubated successfully using t-tests. Results: Near-infrared spectroscopy measurements were available for 159 neonates, including 52 with single ventricle physiology. Median age at surgery was 6 days (range: 1–29 days). A total of 15 patients (9.4 %) failed extubation. Baseline cerebral and renal near-infrared spectroscopy measurements were not statistically different between those who were successfully extubated and those who failed, but pre-extubation cerebral and renal values were significantly higher in neonates who extubated successfully. An increase from baseline to time of extubation values in cerebral oximetry saturation by ≥ 5 % had a positive predictive value for extubation success of 98.6 % (95%CI: 91.1–99.8 %). Conclusion: Pre-extubation cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy measurements, when compared to baseline, were significantly associated with extubation outcomes. These findings demonstrate the potential of this tool as a valuable adjunct in assessing extubation readiness after paediatric cardiac surgery and warrant further evaluation in a larger prospective study.enPublisher Policyairway extubationcardiac surgerynear-infrared spectroscopy