Kwobah, Charles M.Wools-Kaloustian, Kara K.Gitau, Jane N.Siika, Abraham M.2025-07-012025-07-012012Kwobah CM, Wools-Kaloustian KK, Gitau JN, Siika AM. Human immunodeficiency virus and leprosy coinfection: challenges in resource-limited setups. Case Rep Med. 2012;2012:698513. doi:10.1155/2012/698513https://hdl.handle.net/1805/49138Mycobacteria leprae(leprosy) and HIV coinfection are rare in Kenya. This is likely related to the low prevalence (1 per 10,000 of population) of leprosy. Because leprosy is no longer a public health challenge there is generally a low index of suspicion amongst clinicians for its diagnosis. Management of a HIV-1-leprosy-coinfected individual in a resource-constrained setting is challenging. Some of these challenges include difficulties in establishing a diagnosis of leprosy; the high pill burden of cotreatment with both antileprosy and antiretroviral drugs (ARVs); medications' side effects; drug interactions; scarcity of drug choices for both diseases. This challenge is more profound when managing a patient who requires second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART). We present an adult male patient coinfected with HIV and leprosy, who failed first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) and required second-line treatment. Due to limited choices in antileprosy drugs available, the patient received monthly rifampicin and daily lopinavir-/ritonavir-based antileprosy and ART regimens, respectively. Six months into his cotreatment, he seemed to have adequate virological control. This case report highlights the challenges of managing such a patient.en-USAttribution 4.0 InternationalMycobacteria leprae (leprosy)HIV coinfectionKenyaLeprosyArticle