Siddiqui, Arif JamalBhardwaj, JyotiHamadou, Walid SabriGoyal, ManishJahan, SadafAshraf, Syed AmirJamal, ArshadSharma, PankajSachidanandan, ManojkumarBadraoui, RiadhSnoussi, MejdiAdnan, Mohd2024-05-012024-05-012022-02-03Siddiqui AJ, Bhardwaj J, Hamadou WS, et al. Impact of chemoprophylaxis immunisation under halofantrine (CPS-HF) drug cover in Plasmodium yoelii Swiss mice malaria model. Folia Parasitologica. Published online February 3, 2022. doi:10.14411/fp.2022.003https://hdl.handle.net/1805/40390In the present study, we have investigated the role of antimalarial drug halofantrine (HF) in inducing the sterile protection against challenges with sporozoites of the live infectious Plasmodium yoelii (Killick-Kendrick, 1967) in Swiss mice malaria model. We observed that during the first to third sequential sporozoite inoculation cycles, blood-stage patency remains the same in the control and chemoprophylaxis under HF drug cover (CPS-HF) groups. However, a delayed blood-stage infection was observed during the fourth and fifth sporozoite challenges and complete sterile protection was produced following the sixth sporozoite challenge in CPS-HF mice. We also noticed a steady decline in liver stage parasite load after 3th to 6th sporozoite challenge cycle in CPS-HF mice. CPS-HF immunisation results in a significant up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12 and iNOS) and down-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β) mRNA expression in hepatic mononuclear cells (HMNC) and spleen cells in the immunised CPS-HF mice (after 6th sporozoite challenge) compared to control. Overall, our study suggests that the repetitive sporozoite inoculation under HF drug treatment develops a strong immune response that confers protection against subsequent challenges with sporozoites of P. yoelii.en-USAttribution 4.0 InternationalCPS-immunisationSporozoitesCytokinesReal Time PCRmRNA expressionArticle