Bauserman, MelissaVasquez, MargaritaChess, Patricia R.Carbajal, MelissaONTPD Fellowship Directors Writing GroupGood, Misty2024-06-202024-06-202021-02-17Bauserman, M., Vasquez, M., Chess, P. R., Carbajal, M., & Good, M. (2022). Essentials of neonatal-perinatal medicine fellowship: Scholarship perspective. Journal of Perinatology, 42(4), 528–533. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41372-021-00957-3https://hdl.handle.net/1805/41674Neonatal-perinatal medicine fellows must achieve a meaningful accomplishment in scholarly activity as part of their training. Despite the requirement for scholarly training in fellowship, there is a vanishingly small number of MD-only physician-scientists pursuing a research-oriented career. Recent neonatal trainees have identified several factors that preclude their careers in research-focused academic neonatology, including lower pay in academic positions, inadequate training in research techniques, and the perception that individuals in research careers have a poor work-life balance. High competition for limited pediatric research funds also contributes to a diminishing pool of physician-scientists in neonatology. This small number of physician-scientists is threatened by a high rate of attrition among physicians who enter this career path. In order to prevent further declines in the number of neonatal physician-scientists, we need improvements in funding and strong intra- and cross-institutional mentorship to foster individuals interested in a career as a physician-scientist.en-USPublisher Policyneonatal-perinatal medicinefellowshipscholarly trainingresearch-oriented careerArticle