Khan, Sikandar H.Kitsis, MichelleGolovyan, DmitriyWang, SophiaChlan, Linda L.Boustani, MalazKhan, Babar A.2019-12-202019-12-202018Khan, S. H., Kitsis, M., Golovyan, D., Wang, S., Chlan, L. L., Boustani, M., & Khan, B. A. (2018). Effects of music intervention on inflammatory markers in critically ill and post-operative patients: A systematic review of the literature. Heart & lung : the journal of critical care, 47(5), 489–496. doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2018.05.015https://hdl.handle.net/1805/21526BACKGROUND: Music listening has been shown to reduce anxiety, stress, and patient tolerance of procedures. Music may also have beneficial effects on inflammatory biomarkers in intensive care and post-operative patients, but the quality of evidence is not clear. OBJECTIVES: We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the effects of music on inflammatory biomarkers in intensive care, and post-operative patients. METHODS: A comprehensive search of the literature was performed. After screening 1570 references, full text review of 26 studies was performed. Fourteen studies were selected for inclusion. RESULTS: Seven studies showed a significant decrease in cortisol levels, but the level of evidence was low. Three studies had low risk of methodological bias, while 11 studies had high risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS: Music intervention may decrease cortisol levels, but other biomarkers remain unchanged. Given the low level of evidence, further research on music effects on inflammatory biomarkers is needed.en-USPublisher PolicyBiomarkersBrain dysfunctionCortisolDeliriumMusicStressArticle